Résumé
Dans cet article, j'examine l'image de la personne raisonnable dans le domaine de la loi criminelle. J'étudie cette image à l'aide des théories controversées des principes universels abstraits et des particularités de l'individu vivant dans des conditions de diversité. En me basant sur la dichotomie de Seyla Benhabib de l'autre concret et de l'autre généralisé, je soutiens que l'image de la personne raisonnable dans le contexte de la loi criminelle est à la jonction de l'abstrait et du concret, du normatif et de la raison empirique. Par conséquent, l'image de la personne raisonnable est souvent le point central de critiques des effets marginaux de l'abstrait universel de la loi criminelle. Par contre, dans certains cas, l'image de la personne raisonnable agit non pas comme un standard universel de conduite, mais comme un site à travers lequel des affirmations de reconnaissance des différents types d'expérience concrète peuvent être faites. Tandis que la personne raisonnable représente parfois un standard normatif général contre lequel des actions concrètes sont évaluées, la réalité concrète agit également comme un standard normatif contre lequel différentes présuppositions à propos de la personne raisonnable sont évaluées.
In the past 20 years, Canada has seen an increasing tendency to use the criminal law as a means of enforcing norms of safe sex and disclosure among the HIV-positive population -particularly the law of sexual assault. Although the structure of individual rights that underlies the law of sexual assault is conceptually distinct from norms produced through governmental power, this article shows that it is often difficult to draw clear distinctions between the two. An analysis that focuses strictly on individual rights is unsatisfactory because it fails to account for the social nature of our expectations of responsibility and trust. At the same time, when the individual right derives its content by absorbing a norm produced through governmental power, it fails to provide a principled discourse for future decision -making.
This article considers how different modalities of power emerge in medical assistance in dying (MAID) cases, particularly with respect to the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Carter v. Canada (A.G.) [2015]. While juridical rationalities cast the issue of MAID in terms of individual rights, Carter and subsequent legislation distinguishes MAID from assisted suicide through the creation of a regulatory scheme, so that individuals seeking MAID continue to be governed by medical power. This may seem to confirm arguments that the image of subjectivity evoked by juridical discourses simply results in the reinforcement of existing power relations. However, this article argues that it is the very regulatory scheme governing MAID that provides points of resistance, giving the individual opportunities to challenge medical power in ways that may destabilize power relations.
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