Background: Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among people living in detention (PLD) corresponding to a five- to ten-fold increase compared to the general population. Our main study objective was to provide an updated ADHD prevalence rate for PLD, including PLD in psychiatric units. Sub-objectives included (i) comparing different ways of assessing ADHD, including DSM-5 criteria and (ii) identifying which types of PLD are more likely to have ADHD.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines and the MOOSE checklist. PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Sciences were searched combining “ADHD” and “prison” keywords and synonyms for articles published between January 1, 1966 and January 2, 2018. Potential sources of variation to the meta-analytic ADHD prevalence rate were investigated using meta-regressions and subgroups analyses.Results: The meta-analysis pooled 102 original studies including 69,997 participants. The adult ADHD prevalence rate was 26.2% (95% confidence interval: 22.7–29.6). Retrospective assessments of ADHD in childhood were associated with an increased prevalence estimate (41.1, 95% confidence interval: 34.9–47.2, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence estimate between screenings and clinical interviews in adulthood. Only three studies used the DSM-5 definition of ADHD and results were non-significantly different with other DSM versions. We found no difference according to participants' characteristics.Conclusion: Our results confirmed the high prevalence rate of ADHD among PLD, corresponding to a five-fold increase compared to the general population. In light of such high ADHD prevalence, our results reinforce the importance of addressing this critical public health issue by (i) systematically offering ADHD screening and diagnosis to all individuals entering detention, and (ii) delivering treatment, monitoring, and care for ADHD during and after detention. These strategies may help reduce recidivism and reincarceration, as well as violence in detention settings, in addition to improving the health and wellbeing of people living in detention. Additionally, our study suggests that using screening scales may be a reliable way of assessing ADHD, although caution is needed because a complete evaluation by an experienced clinician is required to provide a formal diagnosis.

Disadvantaged populations have an increased risk of suicide and suicide attempts because of the Covid-19 pandemic. To date, few studies focused on people living in detention, who have a high burden of mental health problems and are exposed to severe control measures. Our study investigated whether there was an increase in suicide attempts in prison. Data were collected in the largest Swiss pre-trial prison (Champ-Dollon) for the pre-pandemic and the pandemic periods. We identified a statistically significant 57%-increase of suicide attempts. Mitigation measures, access to mental health care, and access to vaccination are needed to protect this vulnerable population.

There is a lack of research into the implications of information technology-related issues for nurses' experiences and well-being at work. However, negative work experiences can generate negative emotions, which, in turn, can negatively affect well-being. Despite this, research has not systematically addressed negative emotions generated by work-related information technology use in hospital nursing. Drawing on data collected through focus groups and interviews with a total of 15 ward nurses, this paper identifies the discrete negative emotions that emerge from work-related information technology use in hospital nursing and maps the identified emotions onto the perceptions associated with and triggering them. The analysis was qualitative and included process, emotion, and causation coding alongside extensive memo writing. We identified six primary negative emotions: frustration, moral distress, alienation, psychological distress, anxiety, and perplexity. All of the identified emotions can be associated with four types of experiences of feeling hindered: mental effort, inability to carry out a task, doing extra or unnecessary work, and failing to complete a task successfully. The framework we present may support healthcare organizations in identifying potentially harmful information technology-related configurations in their infrastructure and implementing appropriate measures to foster nurses' well-being at work.

Nurses increasingly interact with health information systems (HIS) in their daily work. This article examines how the problems that they confront in that interaction can be understood through the theoretical concepts of technical rationality and an ethic of care. The findings are based on a qualitative study of nurses in one Swedish hospital. They suggest that HIS did not support the holistic care of patients, and were not adapted to the varied and often urgent situations that nurses faced in their daily work, leaving them feeling isolated with their problems. In summary, HIS were found to serve the administrative aims of a hospital organisation, based on technical rationality, rather than supporting patients' needs as seen from an ethics of care perspective. The contribution of the study is to show how the use of these two conceptual tools connects nurses' daily problems with HIS to more fundamental issues about the values upon which healthcare is grounded.