Suicide attempts and Covid-19 in prison: Empirical findings from 2016 to 2020 in a Swiss prison

Gétaz, Laurent; Wolff, Hans; Golay, Diane; Heller, Patrick; Baggio, Stéphanie

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114107

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A total of 8642 studies were screened, with 72 studies (131 samples) meeting the inclusion criteria. Among them, 16 [ 10 , 11 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ], 11 [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ], and 19 [ 8 , 13 , 14 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ] only addressed changes in suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and death by suicide, respectively; 25 [ 9 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 92 , 93 , 94 , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence ratio of suicide attempt reported by 30 non-clinical samples ranged from 0.333 to 6.261, and the pooled prevalence ratio under the random effect model was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.053–1.233; p = 0.001), indicating that suicide attempts were more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic than during pre-pandemic periods ( Figure 4 ). Though effect sizes were substantially heterogenous among the samples ( I 2 = 99.996%, tau 2 = 0.036, P Q < 0.05), a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method or by excluding lower quality studies [ 66 ] showed that the increased trend of suicide attempts was robust ( Figures S6 and S7 ). Through visual inspection of the funnel plot ( Figure S8 ) and the non-significant results of the Egger’s tests ( intercept = 6.52, t = 0.17, p = 0.865), no publication bias among the non-clinical samples was observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Forest plot for suicide attempt of studies [ 9 , 12 , 15 , 66 , 68 , 72 , 74 , 75 , 93 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 102 , 108 , 112 , 113 ] conducted in the non-clinical setting (Prismatic colored as red refers to the pooled estimate). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Yan

Hou

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Synthesizing evidence to examine changes in suicide-related outcomes before and during the pandemic can inform suicide management during the COVID-19 crisis. We searched 13 databases as of December 2022 for studies reporting both the pre- and peri-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, or rate of death by suicide. A random-effects model was used to pool the ratio of peri- and pre-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt (Prevalence Ratio—PR) and rate of death by suicide (Rate Ratio; RR). We identified 51, 55, and 25 samples for suicidal ideation, attempt, and death by suicide. The prevalence of suicidal ideation increased significantly among non-clinical (PR = 1.142; 95% CI: 1.018–1.282; p = 0.024; k = 28) and clinical (PR = 1.134; 95% CI: 1.048–1.227; p = 0.002; k = 23) samples, and pooled estimates differed by population and study design. Suicide attempts were more prevalent during the pandemic among non-clinical (PR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.053–1.233; p = 0.001; k = 30) and clinical (PR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17–1.489; p = 0.000; k = 25) participants. The pooled RR for death by suicide was 0.923 (95% CI: 0.84–1.01; p = 0.092; k = 25), indicating a nonsignificant downward trend. An upward trend of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite suicide rate remaining stable. Our findings suggest that timely prevention and intervention programs are highly needed for non-clinical adult population and clinical patients. Monitoring the real-time and long-run suicide risk as the pandemic evolves is warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Yan

Hou

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“… 8 , 13 Although effectively shielding incarcerated individuals from SARS-CoV-2 entering prisons, these measures triggered revolts and may have worsened the mental health of prison residents. 8 , 13 , 22 Since June 2020, containment measures were progressively relaxed in community and prison settings, with various degrees of limitation to interprison and prison/community movement being maintained throughout the period. Also, the rates of incarceration, occupancy, and overcrowding returned to pre–COVID-19 levels during the second epidemic wave, possibly increasing the overall risk of virus introduction and spreading within prison facilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Infection Among Incarcerated Individuals and Prison Staff in Lombardy, Italy, March 2020 to February 2021

et al. 2022

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Key Points Question What was the COVID-19 infection rate among incarcerated individuals and staff during the first pandemic year in the prison system in Lombardy, Italy, when infection prevention measures had been implemented? Findings In this cross-sectional study including a mean population of 7599 incarcerated individuals and 4591 staff members of 18 prisons in Lombardy, case rate and relative risk were significantly higher in incarcerated individuals and prison staff than the general population. Significant correlations between assessed control measures and case rate in incarcerated individuals were not found. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that prison settings need to be included and prioritized in the framework of emergency preparedness and response.

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“…And they know everything's shutdown and they're, like, 'what's going to happen to me?' Finally, a study of reported self-harm events in a people in a Swiss prison from 2016 to 2020 found that comparing 2016-2019 to 2020, there was a 57% increase in severe suicide attempts from 4.4/100 people in detention/year to 7.0/100 people in detention/year, and a 57% increase in other self-harm events from 7.9/100 people in detention/year to 12.5/100 people in detention/year [84].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

The health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults who experience imprisonment globally: A mixed methods systematic review

et al. 2022

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Background The prison setting and health status of people who experience imprisonment increase the risks of COVID-19 infection and sequelae, and other health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives To conduct a mixed methods systematic review on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of people who experience imprisonment. Data sources We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Social Sciences Abstracts, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database, Coronavirus Research Database, ERIC, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Web of Science, and Scopus in October 2021. We reviewed reference lists for included studies. Study eligibility criteria Original research conducted in or after December 2019 on health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults in prisons or within three months of release. Study appraisal and synthesis methods We used the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research for qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data for quantitative studies. We qualitized quantitative data and extracted qualitative data, coded data, and collated similar data into categories. Results We identified 62 studies. People in prisons had disproportionately high rates of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 mortality. During the pandemic, all-cause mortality worsened, access to health care and other services worsened, and there were major impacts on mental wellbeing and on relationships with family and staff. There was limited evidence regarding key primary and secondary prevention strategies. Limitations Our search was limited to databases. As the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, more evidence will emerge. Conclusions Prisons and people who experience imprisonment should be prioritized for COVID-19 response and recovery efforts, and an explicit focus on prisons is needed for ongoing public health work including emergency preparedness. Prospero registration number 239324.

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Suicide attempts and Covid-19 in prison: Empirical findings from 2016 to 2020 in a Swiss prison

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

COVID-19 Infection Among Incarcerated Individuals and Prison Staff in Lombardy, Italy, March 2020 to February 2021

The health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults who experience imprisonment globally: A mixed methods systematic review

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