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In a representative sample of 401 adults in Illinois in 1984, the authors found that increased participation in exercise, sports, and physical activities is associated with improved psychologic well-being. Part of this association is through improved subjective physical health. The authors controlled for potentially confounding factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, instrumentalism, and overweight. They concluded that exercise is associated with decreased symptoms of depression (feelings that life is not worthwhile, low spirits, etc.), anxiety (restlessness, tension, etc.), and malaise (rundown feeling, trouble sleeping, etc.) in the general population, most of which is not severely depressed, and in which many persons are engaged in moderate, nonaerobic exercise.

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Traditional involvement patterns in leisure-time physical activities may have changed with demographic shifts in American society. We analyzed a community survey of 401 Illinois adults to determine involvement in recreational activities by gender, age, race, and social class. Regression analyses reveal differences in participation in individual and team activities. These differences by demographic classification are explained by structural and normative influences.

proportional hazards models were generated for OS, DFS, LRC using predictors found to be significant (p<0.05) on univariate models. Results: A total of 205 patients were included: 150 had HPV DNA PCR testing, 120 (80%) were positive, and 114 had a known HPV type. Ninetynine of 114 (87%) were positive for HPV16 and fifteen (13%) were positive for HPV-non16. p16 immunohistochemistry was available in 35 patients and positive in 97% of HPV16 and 100% of HPV-non16 patients. There were no significant differences in age, ECOG performance status, oropharynx subsite, AJCC 7th/8th Edition stage, smoking or alcohol use between HPV-16 and HPV-non16 patients. 3-year OS, DFS, and LRC for HPV16 and HPV-non16 was 84% v. 69% (pZ0.02), 80% v. 63% (pZ0.04), and 82% v. 62% (pZ0.01), respectively. Multivariable models including ECOG, smoking status, AJCC 8th Edition stage, and treatment found HPV16 associated with OS (aHR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10-0.95, pZ0.04) and LRC (aHR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11-0.99, pZ0.05). Conclusion: This study provides insight into the outcomes of HPV positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma stratified by HPV16 and HPV-non16 subtypes. These data suggest that patients with HPV-non16-associated OPSCC may have worse outcomes including decreased survival and locoregional control compared to patients who carry the HPV16 subtype.