Body and Mind: The Effect of Exercise, Overweight, and Physical Health on Psychological Well-Being

Physical Activity, Aging, and Psychological Well-Being

“…For example, Stones, Kozma, and Stones (1985) note a sample from three ongoing studies of No effects of exerc on anxiety or mood 400 subjects "two thirds of whom are female." On the other hand, some studies (Chang &Dodder, 1984;Hayes &Ross, 1986) fail to report breakdown entirely by sex, in spite of using sex of subject as a variable of interest in statistical analyses.…”

“…Most of the studies employed multiple measures of this construct, although exceptions include Hawkins and Duncan (1991) and Peppers (1976) who assessed only quality of life, Hayes and Ross (1986) and Holahan (1988) who employed singular measures of PWB, and Chang and Dodder (1984) who focused only on affect balance. A number of other researchers used the ubiquitous POMS as the instrument of choice (Blumenthal, Schocken et al, 1982;Moses et al, 1989;Simons & Birkimer, 1988), but it is well established that this instrument is primarily a multidimensional measure of negative states (e.g., fatigue, confusion, anger, depression) that can also provide an index of overall mood disturbance.…”

Successful Transition to Adulthood: Do We Really Need to Teach Shopping, Sex and Social Skills?

“…Additionally, another aspect of "self and family" that should be taught is physical health. Research has shown that exercise and good physical health improve psychological well-being (Hayes & Ross, 1986), and advocates for individuals with intellectual disabilities need to focus on this area.…”

Weight bias: Investigating the impact of an empathy-evoking intervention in reducing mental health professionals' anti-fat attitudes

“…Education and training should include the importance of identifying personal attitudes, and highlight that . Hayes and Ross (1986) highlighted that interventions should include; (1) empirical findings regarding the mental health of overweight and obese people documenting whether the mental health of overweight and obese people is equivalent to the mental health of non-fat people, and (2) whether there is a lack of safe and effective ways to significantly and permanently alter one's weight.…”

“…Research has come a long way since Hayes and Ross's (1986) study and while ways to significantly and permanently lose body weight have been achieved (healthy eating, gradually introducing and monitoring more active lifestyles, medical procedures such as gastric band surgery) and are documented, the research regarding differences in mental health based on body weight is less clear. Lee and Yen (2014), however, found that when considering the following four mental health indicators: depression, anxiety/social phobia, insomnia and self-esteem against body weight, only lower levels of self-esteem were significantly associated with overweight and obese participants.…”