This report describes the use of exercise testing to guide clinical decision making for dosing of an aqua aerobic fitness intervention and illustrates positive effects of the intervention on cardiovascular fitness in 2 people with MS.

Objective:The article presents a focused review of the literature surrounding training methods for addressing the proprioceptive loss and subsequent balance problems that result from inversion ankle sprains.Data Sources:The authors searched the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases for the period 1985 through December 2001 using the key wordsankle, ankle sprain,andrehabilitation.Study Selection:Any study investigating a rehabilitation or prevention program for the proprioceptive or balance aspects of ankle instability was included.Data Synthesis:Key components of the training regimen used in each study are described, and major findings are summarized.Conclusions:Based on the literature reviewed, there is evidence to suggest that training programs for individuals with ankle instability that include ankle-disk or wobble-board activities help improve single-leg-stance balance and might decrease the likelihood of future sprains.

Levels of walking behavior are influenced by the goals assigned. Subjects with high goals walk more than those with low goals, even if they do not meet the assigned goal. Reducing goals from a high to low level can reduce walking behavior.

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