Older women in a general medicine clinic had limited knowledge of sexual transmission of HIV. HIV/AIDS education specifically targeted to this subpopulation is warranted, and health professionals may have an important role in disseminating such messages.

Objective To examine whether adolescents’ weight perception accuracy (WPA) was associated with extreme weight-management practices (EWPs) in differing body mass index (BMI) categories. Methods WPA, overassessment, and underassessment were determined by comparing self-reported BMI and weight perception among US high-school students in the 2009 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. BMI was classified as: underweight (<5th percentile), healthy weight (5th–<85th), overweight (≥85th–<95th), and obese (≥95th). WPA was considered inaccurate if BMI and weight perception were discordant. Overassessors thought they were heavier than they were (among underweight/healthy groups); underassessors thought they were lighter than they were (among healthy/overweight/obese groups). EWPs included one or more of fasting, use of diet pills, or purging/laxative use. Logit models were fitted for different BMI sex strata. Results In the final sample of 14,722 US high-school students with complete data, 20.2%, 85.7%, 5.8%, and 80.9% of those who were underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese, inaccurately assessed their weight, respectively. In turn, 11.4% and 17.6% of accurate and inaccurate assessors engaged in EWPs, respectively. After adjustment, underweight females who overassessed their weight had 12.6 times higher odds of EWPs (95% CI: 3.4–46.6). Also, there were elevated odds of EWPs among healthy weight students who overassessed their weight. Conclusions Overassessing healthy weight students and underweight girls had higher odds of 3 EWPs, likely related to an unhealthy desire to lose weight. This study demonstrates a need to further educate clinicians on WPA and its relationship to EWPs even among those of healthy weight who may be seen as non-risk.

We ascertained a comprehensive list of postmarket safety outcomes, defined as a safety-related market withdrawal or an update to a safety-related section of product label for 278 new molecular entity drugs (NMEs) with a follow-up period of up to 13 years. At least one safety-related update was added to 195 (70.1%) labels of the drugs studied. Updates occurred as early as 160 days after approval and throughout the follow-up period. The period between the second and eighth postapproval year was the most active, with a slight attenuation thereafter. The times to the first safety outcome were significantly shorter for NMEs approved with a fast-track designation (P = 0.02) or under an accelerated approval using a surrogate endpoint (P = 0.03). Our findings underscore the importance of a robust safety surveillance system throughout a drug's lifecycle and for practitioners and patients to remain updated on drug safety profiles.

Objective: The Balanced Menus Challenge (BMC) is a national effort to bring the healthiest, most sustainably produced meat available into health-care settings to preserve antibiotic effectiveness and promote good nutrition. The present study evaluated the outcomes of the BMC in the Maryland/Washington, DC region. Design: The BMC is a cost-effective programme whereby participating hospitals reduce meat purchases by 20 % of their budget, then invest the savings into purchasing sustainably produced meat. A mixed-methods retrospective assessment was conducted to assess (i) utilization of the BMC 'implementation toolkit' and (ii) achievement of the 20 % reduction in meat purchases. Previous survey data were reviewed and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Setting: Hospitals located in the Maryland/Washington, DC region, USA, that adopted the BMC. Subjects: Twelve hospitals signed the BMC in the Maryland/Washington, DC region and six were available for interview. Results: Three hospitals in the Maryland/Washington, DC region that signed the BMC tracked their progress and two achieved a reduction in meat procurement by ≥20 %. One hospital demonstrated that the final outcome goal of switching to a local and sustainable source for meat is possible to achieve, at least for a portion of the meal budget. The three hospitals that reduced meat purchases also received and used the highest number of BMC implementation tools. There was a positive correlation between receipt and usage of implementation tools (r = 0·93, P = 0·005). Conclusions: The study demonstrates that hospitals in the Maryland/Washington, DC region that sign the BMC can increase the amount of sustainably produced meat purchased and served.