A síndrome da veia cava cranial (SVCC) é a expressão clínica da obstrução do fluxo sanguíneo deste vaso, provocando a redução do fluxo do retorno venoso em direção ao átrio direito. Os sinais clínicos são inespecíficos, e variam entre dispneia, tosse, cianose, disfagia, edema de face, taquicardia, dilatação das veias do pescoço, caquexia, sons cardíacos abafados, silêncio pulmonar e engorgitamento das veias jugulares e da parede do tórax. O presente trabalho relata o caso de SVCC em um cão da raça Golden Retriever macho de seis anos, em decorrência de um tumor na base do coração, no átrio direito. Em seu primeiro atendimento na emergência clínica o animal apresentou dores à palpação abdominal, mucosas congestas, edema facial, perda de massa muscular no crânio, hipofonese cardíaca e ausculta pulmonar crepitante. Tendo como aporte os exames realizados no paciente, como hemograma, bioquímica, ecocardiograma, radiografia torácica e análise citológica da efusão pericárdica, foi definhada a conduta terapêutica para que o quadro clínico fosse amenizado. O animal veio a óbito 18 dias após o início do seu tratamento. Com a necropsia foi possível concluir o diagnóstico, e classificar o tumor como hemangiossarcoma, uma neoplasia maligna e agressiva, que se origina das células do endotélio vascular, e é responsável por uma alta taxa de mortalidade em cães, principalmente nas raças Pastor Alemão e Golden Retriever. Quando presente no coração, é comum que o hemangiossarcoma se desenvolva no átrio direito.
Pulmonary atelectasis is a disease characterized by the collapse of the pulmonary alveoli, leading to partial or total loss of function in the affected lung, and is mostly described in older dogs. It occurs due to chronic inflammatory and obstructive processes such as pneumonia. In infants who do not feed directly from the mother, it is common to develop aspiration pneumonia due to inhalation of a milk replacer. Once aspirated, food generates an inflammatory process in the airway that alters the function of the pulmonary surfactant, increases mucus production, and causes consequent airway obstruction, which may progress to alveolar and bronchial collapse. The aim of the present study was to report a case of a 4-month-old canine with pulmonary atelectasis secondary to bronchopneumonia and the outcome of the clinical case. The patient presented with cough, exercise intolerance, tachypnea, and progressive weight loss. Thoracic radiographic examination was performed to identify displacement of the mediastinum and heart overlapping the collapsed lung, interstitial-alveolar pattern associated with atelectasis of the middle lobe of the right lung, and a diffuse interstitial bronchial pattern throughout the other lung fields. Pulmonary support treatment was administered with antibiotics, bronchodilators, mucolytics, and inhaled corticosteroids, with resolution of clinical and radiographic symptoms after 60 days of treatment. Therefore, adequate treatment of chronic bronchopneumonia is effective in resolving pulmonary atelectasis and its associated clinical complications.
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