A two-year-old ewe was presented to Veterinary Hospital, with a sudden onset of diarrhea, epistaxis, reluctance to move and recumbency which eventually led to its death. After necropsy and tissue sample collection for further examinations, histopathological study revealed large submucosal vascular structures with some thrombotic and blood filled spaces indicator of nasotracheal cavernous hemangioma, diffuse lymphocytic enteritis, hepatic diffuse mild vacuolar degeneration, severe pulmonary hyperemia and edema, cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcocystosis with severe hyperemia and fragmentation of cardiac muscle fibers, mild perineuronal edema of the spinal cord, hyperemia and perineuronal (Purkinje cell) edema in the cerebellum, hyperemia with perineuronal and perivascular edema in the cerebrum, severe hyperemia with diffuse severe acute tubular necrosis, and mild intratubular and intrabowman's capsular space proteinaceous material in the kidney. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of Nasotracheal hemangioma in sheep in Iran. with progressive lameness of the left forelimb of 2.5 months duration, a dilation of the deep flexor tendon sheath with a firm elastic consistency and a pronounced tenderness was noted and diagnosed as synovial hemangioma on the basis of the histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features [7]. A case of concurrent intranasal hemangioma and tetracycline induced gastritis and ulceration in a dog has been reported [8]. Case Presentation We present a case of nasotracheal cavernous hemangioma in an Arabi sheep, which was part of a flock of 140 sheep and 23 goats, located in Damavand, the capital of Damavand County, Tehran Province. On 7 Feb 2015, a two-year-old ewe was presented to veterinary hospital with a sudden onset of diarrhea, epistaxis, and reluctance to move and recumbence which eventually led to its death. Necropsy and sample collection were undertaken for further examinations. Tissue samples were obtained from nasotrachea, kidney, heart, cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, skeletal muscle, lung, liver and small intestine. All specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned to a thickness of 4 μm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological findings are summarized in Table 1, Figures 1-3. Discussion Intranasal tumors in dogs are extremely rare, less than 1% of all cancers, but the malignant types of intranasal vascular tumors have a little higher incidence. Approximately two-thirds of canine intranasal tumors are carcinomas and the remaining third is comprised of sarcomas [8,9]. Hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma are associated with blood clotting affects with decreased platelet count and increased blood clotting time [8]. There are few reports of this tumor in sheep. Only a round-shaped, pedunculated, soft and dark red mass on gingival compartment of midlateral edge of mandibular region of a five-year-old Iranian cross breed ewe has been reported [5].
Congenital malformations occur sporadically in cattle; however, congenital structural and functional disorders of the nervous system are rather common in ruminants. Among the numerous causes of congenital nervous system defects, infectious agents are highlighted in this paper. Virus-induced congenital malformations are well known, among which those caused by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), Akabane virus (AKAV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Bluetongue virus (BTV), and Aino virus (AV) are the most studied. In this study, we specify and categorise macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the brain of 42 newborn calves suffering from severe neurologic signs and diagnosed with BVDV and AKAV infection. Following a complete necropsy, specimens were collected from the brains to track the presence of BVDV, AKAV and SBV utilising reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Of the 42 examined calves, 21 were BVDV positive and 6 were AKAV positive, while 15 brains were negative for the studied agents. Regardless of the aetiology, cerebellar hypoplasia, hydranencephaly, hydrocephalus, porencephaly, and microencephaly were detected. Cerebellar hypoplasia was the most common lesion seen in both BVDV-positive and AKAV-positive cases. Virus-induced necrosis of the germinative cells of the external granular layer of cerebellum, as well as vascular damages, are believed to be the underlying causes of cerebellar hypoplasia. BVDV was the most important aetiological agent of such cases in this study.
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