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SURGICAL treatment of neoplastic disease is playing an ever-increasing role in the veterinarian's approach to cancer therapy. In order to carry out successful oncological surgery, surgeons require more than a comprehensive knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and resection and reconstruction techniques for the specific area or organ involved. A thorough understanding of general tumour biology, the specific characteristics of the neoplasm involved, the stage of the disease and thus the prognosis, and the adjunctive therapies that may be appropriate, is also essential in each case.

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A five-month-old female entire Chihuahua was referred to the neurology-neurosurgery service at Dick White Referrals for investigation of acute onset of fly catching episodes, left-sided head tilt and circling. General physical examination revealed presence of a large fontanelle, a dome-shaped head and papilloedema. On neurological evaluation, obtunded mental status, vestibular ataxia, bilaterally reduced menace response, spontaneous ventrolateral strabismus and increased segmental spinal cord reflexes were observed. The neuroanatomical localisation was consistent with a multifocal intracranial lesion. The suspected diagnosis based on signalment and clinical findings was congenital hydrocephalus; other differential diagnoses included various anomalous diseases, inflammatory/infectious and metabolic disorders.Haematology and serum biochemistry were within normal limits. Magnetic resonance (MR; Hitachi Aperto open magnet 0.4T) of the brain was performed. T1-weighted, T2-weighted and fluidattenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were acquired in transverse, dorsal and sagittal planes. The images revealed severe

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