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Here we report the preparation, characterization and application of folic acid modified Montmorillonite clay (FA-Mont) as a cell culture material. Clays exhibit unique properties such as good mechanical and chemical stabilities, high surface area, low toxicity and easy combination with functional organic groups.FA was used as a modifier to facilitate adhesion of folate positive cells on the clay surface. FA-Mont was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, zeta potential measurements as well as thermogravimetric analyses.Finally, the usage potential of FA-Mont as a receptor mediated cell adhesion material was successfully proved by using folate receptor (FR) rich HeLa and FR poor A-549 cells. The cell adhesion studies were monitored and imaged by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy techniques.

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We describe here the synthesis, characterization, bioconjugation, and application of water-soluble thioglycolic acid TGA-capped CdTe/CdS quantum dots (TGA-QDs) for targeted cellular imaging. Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibodies were conjugated to TGA-QDs to target HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. TGA-QDs and TGA-QDs/anti-HER2 bioconjugates were characterized by fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrodynamic sizing, electron microscopy, and gel electrophoresis. TGA-QDs and TGA-QDs/anti-HER2 were incubated with cells to examine cytotoxicity, targeting efficiency, and cellular localization. The cytotoxicity of particles was measured using an MTT assay and the no observable adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), and total lethal concentration (TLC) were calculated. To evaluate localization and targeting efficiency of TGA-QDs with or without antibodies, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were performed. Our results indicate that antibody-conjugated TGA-QDs are well-suited for targeted cellular imaging studies.

Trimethylamine (TM) intercalated montmorillonite (Mont) clay was prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential and thermal gravimetric measurements.Gluconobacter oxydans cells were immobilized on the micro-structured matrix and used in microbial sensor applications. Sensor responses were based on the respiratory activity of the cells and the consumption of oxygen was monitored at 20.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl and platinum electrodes) by using glucose as a substrate.Stabilization of the bacteria was performed on the Mont using glutaraldehyde. Optimization of the TMMont/G. oxydans sensor and examination of the electrochemical mechanism were carried out in a batch system. Measurements concerning analytical characteristics, operational stability, repeatability and substrate specificity depending on the carbon source in the culture were investigated in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system. Linear ranges were found between 0.15 and 5.0 mM for the batch mode and 0.1 and 5.0 mM for the FIA system, respectively. Finally, real samples were analyzed and were compared with the results of a spectrophotometric method as reference.