The rapid, global spread of COVID-19, and the measures intended to limit or slow its propagation, are having major impacts on diverse sectors of society. Notably, these impacts are occurring in the context of other anthropogenic-driven threats including global climate change. Both anthropogenic stressors and the COVID-19 pandemic represent significant economic challenges to aquaculture systems across the globe, threatening the supply chain of one of the most important sources of animal protein, with potential disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities. A web survey was conducted in 47 countries in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic to assess how aquaculture activities have been affected by the pandemic, and to explore how these impacts compare to those from climate change. A positive correlation between the effects of the two categories of drivers was detected, but analysis suggests that the pandemic and the anthropogenic stressors affect different parts of the supply chain. The immediate measurable reported losses varied with aquaculture typology (land vs. marine, and intensive vs. extensive). A comparably lower impact on farmers reporting the use of integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) methods suggests that IMTA might enhance resilience to multiple stressors by providing different market options under the COVID-19 pandemic. Results emphasize the importance of assessing detrimental effects of COVID-19 under a multiple stressor lens, focusing on areas that have already locally experienced economic loss due to anthropogenic stressors in the last decade. Holistic policies that simultaneously address other ongoing anthropogenic stressors, rather than focusing solely on the acute impacts of COVID-19, are needed to maximize the long-term resilience of the aquaculture sector.

The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high-quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land- vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal ( i.e., farm-site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies.

Tanah pasir pantai memiliki beberapa keterbatasan untuk budidaya tanaman. Biochar tempurung kelapa dan kotoran sapi merupakan bahan amelioran untuk memperbaiki keterbatasan di tanah pasir pantai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh biochar tempurung kelapa dan kotoran sapi terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan produksi tanaman sawi di tanah pasir pantai. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2019 kemudian dianalisis di laboratorium. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah dosis biochar tempurung kelapa yang terdiri dari B0 = 0 ton / ha, B1 = 10 ton / ha, B2 = 15 ton / ha, dan B3 = 20 ton/ha. Faktor kedua adalah dosis kotoran sapi yang terdiri dari K0 = 0 ton/ha, K1= 10 ton / ha, K2 = 15 ton/ha, dan K3 = 20 ton/ha. Parameter penelitian adalah tekstur, pH H2O, C-Organik, N-Total, Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK), tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, bobot kering dan bobot basah tanaman. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan Analysis of Varians (ANOVA), dilanjutkan dengan DMRT 5% (Duncan Multiple Range Test) untuk mengetahui perbedaan mean antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi biochar tempurung kelapa 20 ton / ha (B3) dan kotoran sapi 20 ton / ha (K3) berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan pH H2O dari 5,85 menjadi 6,90, C-Organic dari 0,62 % menjadi 1,23%, N-Total 0,04% menjadi 0,34%, Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK) dari 2,04 cmol (+) kg-1 menjadi 4,86 cmol (+) kg-1 dan berat basah tanaman 60,83 gram.

Desa Tambi merupakan kawasan yang memiliki potensi erosi yang tinggi karena iklim, kondisi tanah, dan konservasi yang belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (a.) Mengetahui laju erosi tanah dan bahaya erosi di Desa Tambi dan (b.) Mengetahui pengaruh simulasi berbagai tanaman terhadap bahaya erosi di Desa Tambi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, dengan metode pengambilan sampel purposive sampling, dan metode USLE untuk memperkirakan laju erosi. Simulasi bahaya erosi menggunakan 4 jenis tumbuhan yaitu Jogo Beans, Potato, Tea, dan Albizia. Peta dibuat dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak bernama Arcgis 10.2. Titik pengambilan sampel diperoleh dengan melakukan overlay peta sistem lahan seperti peta tata guna lahan dan peta kemiringan lereng. Penelitian ini memperoleh 11 titik pengambilan sampel. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah erosivitas hujan (R), erodibilitas tanah (K) meliputi tekstur, struktur, permeabilitas, dan bahan organik tanah, panjang dan kemiringan lereng (LS), tanaman permukaan (C). ), pengelolaan lahan (P), dan kedalaman solum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan laju erosi tertinggi adalah 561,19 ton/ha/tahun dengan luas wilayah 9,56 ha (6,01%), sedangkan laju erosi terendah 0,5 ton /tahun, memiliki luas 13,30 ha (8,36%). Desa Tambi memiliki tingkat erosi rendah 22,66 hektar, tingkat erosi sedang 99,18 hektar, tingkat erosi berat 7,3 hektar, dan tingkat erosi sangat berat 29,91 hektar. Hasil simulasi berbagai tumbuhan mempengaruhi baik laju erosi maupun klasifikasi bahaya erosi.

Regosol is soil that has a low level of soil fertility and water availability. According to  internet of tings information system used to monitor soil moisture, water use will be more efficient. This study aims to apply the Internet of Things information system to monitor soil moisture in capillary irrigation and liquid organic fertilizer, study the capillary irrigation system and liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of mustard greens (Brassica rapa. L) and soil characteristics. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. namely Type of fertilizer, consisting of 4 levels, P0: No liquid organic fertilizer, P1: 5 liters/ha Household waste liquid organic fertilizer, P2: 5 liters/ha Biduri leaf liquid organic fertilizer, P3: 300 kg/ha NPK fertilizer. The second factor is the number of wick of capillary irrigation, consisting of 3 levels: I0: No capillary irrigation, I1: 1 wick capillary irrigation, I2: 2 wicks capillary irrigation. The results showed that the soil moisture during the growth of mustard greens was 16.59 to 23.48 %, the more capillary wicks, the higher the soil moisture. The average water requirement for mustard plant growth is 3.16 liters. Mustard plants begin to wither and lack water at 6.47 % soil moisture. Liquid organic fertilizer and capillary irrigation had a significant effect on leaf width, but had no significant effect on plant height, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, soil moisture, soil pH. Liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on soil C-organic and soil NPK levels, while capillary irrigation has a significant effect on water volume.