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A quantitative immunohistochemical study of human spermatogenesis was performed using the 4D4 anti-proacrosin monoclonal antibody (mAb 4D4)

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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The combination of new molecular classifications with clinicopathological data could contribute to the individualization of patients and to the development of new therapeutic strategies. We examined the various associations in two molecular types of GC: HER2-positive (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and microsatellite instability (MSI), assessing their influence on treatment and prognosis. A retrospective study of 142 GC patients was performed with molecular characterization through HER2 overexpression and DNA repair protein expression for MSI. The percentage of HER2-positive tumors was 13.4%, predominantly in men. Correlations were found with intestinal type, metastases, advanced stages and chemotherapy. Almost 75% of HER2-positive patients died. MSI occurred in 16.2%, associated with advanced age, female sex, distal location and intestinal type. These patients had few metastases and low stages. The percentage of deaths was higher among MSI patients who received perioperative chemotherapy. The determination of HER2 and MSI status in GC is important for their association with specific clinicopathological features and for their prognostic and predictive value.

The effect of IR laser radiation on rat germ cells was investigated by cytophotometric quantification of the nuclear DNA content after a 15-day resting period. Two different doses of radiation energy were applied: 28.05 J/cm2 and 46.80 J/cm2. Both doses were found to increase the percentages of both spermatogonia with a 4c DNA content and primary spermatocytes with a > 4c DNA content. The elongating and elongated spermatids had a c DNA nuclear content, except for a small proportion (5%) of elongating cells that displayed a 2c DNA content at 28.05 J/cm2. Results revealed an increase in the germ cell DNA content after one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium after in vivo exposure to IR laser light. The laser sensitivity of the germ cells appeared to be related to their stage of differentiation and to the radiation energy applied, and the spermatogonia were the most sensitive. In all cases the lowest dosage induced the highest alteration.