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A revision of the genus Ateralphus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001, based on the detailed study of the morphology of the type-species and on the external morphology and terminalia of the others species is presented. The genus and species are redescribed and three new species are described. The genus is composed of nine species: A. dejeani (Lane, 1973), A. javariensis (Lane, 1965), A. lacteus Galileo & Martins, 2006, A. senilis (Bates, 1862), A. subsellatus (White, 1855), A. variegatus (Mendes, 1938), A. auritarsus new species, A. lucianeae new species and A. tumidus new species. A key for identification of the species and maps of their geographical distribution are provided.

Cerambycidae is one of the largest families of beetles and it is estimated that there are about 25,000 species of longhorned beetles in the world. However, little is known about the distribution of many species in some regions, including the Amazon. The longhorned beetles are indispensable in the ecological chain, contributing mostly to the recycling of dead wood in forest. The present study is an inventory of the Cerambycidae of the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. Insects were sampled from June 2008 to May 2009 using Malaise and light traps. A total of 61 species were identified, of which 33 are new records for Rondônia and one for Amazon region, i.e., Anisopodus melzeri Gilmour, 1965.

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