La pandemia COVID-19 y libertad vigilada en Chile: Supervisión remota y diferencias regionales
Los sistemas penitenciarios y los programas de rehabilitación y reinserción, tanto en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) en general como en Chile en particular, han sido abordados con un enfoque predominantemente masculino, ya que los varones conforman la mayor parte de la población penitenciaria. Debido a ello, es limitada la información sobre cómo diseñar programas de reinserción social que permitan atender las necesidades específicas de las mujeres, sus trayectorias delictuales, su riesgo de reincidencia y las desigualdades estructurales de género que enfrentan. Este documento contribuye a llenar ese vacío de conocimiento con la evaluación de impactos, procesos y resultados de un programa novedoso de reinserción económica y social de mujeres privadas de libertad implementado en Chile. Centrado en el fortalecimiento de capacidades para el emprendimiento y la empleabilidad, el programa proporcionó formación, acceso a capital semilla y microcréditos, junto con una intervención psicosocial integral. A partir de métodos cuasiexperimentales, se encontraron efectos significativos, con una reducción de la reincidencia delictiva (medida a partir de nuevas condenas) de alrededor del 50% entre uno y dos años después de haber participado en el programa. Entre los resultados alcanzados, el 48% de las usuarias que optaron por la línea de empleabilidad concretó la colocación laboral, mientras que el 92% de las que se interesaron por la línea de emprendimiento logró llevar su objetivo a la práctica.
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