No abstract

The distribution of six compounds with three different polyphenol skeletons have been studied in Rosmarinus officinalis: phenolic diterpenes (carnosic acid, carnosol, and 12-O-methylcarnosic acid), caffeoyl derivatives (rosmarinic acid), and flavones (isoscutellarein 7-O-glucoside and genkwanin), each showing a characteristic behavior and distribution during the vegetative cycle. Only in leaves were all six compounds present, and the highest accumulation rate was related with the young stages of development. Rosmarinic acid showed the highest concentrations of all the polyphenols in all organs. The distribution of this acid in leaves, flowers, and stems suggests that in the first stages of flower growth, levels were due to in situ biosynthesis, and in the last stages, the contribution of transport phenomena was increased. The antioxidant activity of six extracts with different polyphenolic composition was evaluated in aqueous and lipid systems. The results clearly suggest that rosemary extracts are excellent antioxidants in both aqueous and lipid systems.

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Nutmeg and mace oils, produced by supercritical CO2 extraction, are now increasingly traded. Unlike the steam‐distilled oils, no information about their composition is published. Supercritical CO2 nutmeg and mace extracts from the East Indies, West Indies and Papua were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for myristicin, safrole, elemicin, eugenol, methyleugenol, isoeugenol, methylisoeugenol, methoxyeugenol and isoelemicin, and were very similar to steam‐distilled oils from the same batch. East Indian, West Indian and Papuan oils displayed clear differences in their composition and could be clearly characterized by HPLC. The dominating aromatic ether in the East Indian oils was myristicin, in West Indian elemicin and in Papuan safrole.

The solubility of jojoba oil in dense carbon dioxide has been investigated by a dynamic method between 100 and 2600 bar and at temperatures within the range 20 to 80° C. The solubility isotherms and isobars of jojoba oil are compared with those of soybean oil. The appearance of solubility maxima was demonstrated for both cases in the high pressure region. The results are discussed and their implications for preparative extraction pointed out. In order to optimize the precipitation conditions a study was made of the solubility of cuticular wax in the low pressure region as a function of temperature and this was compared with the behaviour of typical essential oil components. The available differences can be utilized for an effective preprecipitation of wax from essential oils.