High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of nutmeg and mace oils produced by supercritical CO₂ extraction – comparison with steam‐distilled oils – comparison of East Indian, West Indian and Papuan oils

Abstract

Nutmeg and mace oils, produced by supercritical CO2 extraction, are now increasingly traded. Unlike the steam‐distilled oils, no information about their composition is published. Supercritical CO2 nutmeg and mace extracts from the East Indies, West Indies and Papua were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for myristicin, safrole, elemicin, eugenol, methyleugenol, isoeugenol, methylisoeugenol, methoxyeugenol and isoelemicin, and were very similar to steam‐distilled oils from the same batch. East Indian, West Indian and Papuan oils displayed clear differences in their composition and could be clearly characterized by HPLC. The dominating aromatic ether in the East Indian oils was myristicin, in West Indian elemicin and in Papuan safrole.

Extraction and Separation of Volatile and Fixed Oils from Seeds of Myristica fragrans by Supercritical CO2: Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity on Caco‐2 Cancer Cells

“…Similar results were obtained by SFE at 150 bar and 50 °C by Machmudah and others with a content of myristicin of 31.6% (Machmudah and others 2006). Also Ehlers and others, found myristicin predominating in the essential oil extracted by SFE (90 bar, 40 °C; 120 bar, 40 °C) and by steam distillation (Ehlers and others 1998).…”

“…Moreover, spices, particularly nutmeg, are frequently contaminated with high contents of aflatoxins. Because of the poor solubility of aflatoxins in apolar solvents such as CO 2 , a possible advantage of CO 2 extracts over natural spices could be a decreased content of aflatoxins (Ehlers and others 1998). For the first time in 1998, Ehlers and others reported the composition of the nutmeg essential oil extracted by supercritical CO 2 (Ehlers and others 1998); whereas in 2006, Machmudah and others has performed supercritical CO 2 extraction of nutmeg oil at various pressures, temperatures, particle sizes, and CO 2 ‐flow rates (Machmudah and others 2006).…”

Chemical diversity and pharmacological significance of the secondary metabolites of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)

“…As for quantitative analysis, the most recent method employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) to determine 16 constituents in nutmeg fruit extracts and Indian polyherbal formulations (Pandey et al 2015). The last validated method for simultaneous determination of multiple constituents was reported by Ehlers et al more than 15 years ago in which the levels of nine phenylpropanoids were determined in supercritical fluid extracts of nutmeg kernel and mace by reversed-phase HPLC (Ehlers et al 1998). A GC method was also developed by Dawidowicz and Dybowski for determination of myristicin only as a common constituent of many nutmeg-containing spices.…”

Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Komponen Kimia Minyak Asiri Daging Buah Dan Fuli Berdasarkan Umur Buah Pala (Myristica Fragrans Houtt)

“…Miristisin merupakan senyawa utama dalam minyak asiri yang menentukan mutu minyak. Konsentrasi miristisin dalam minyak pala bervariasi tergantung asal buah, teknik ekstraksi, dan bagian buah yang digunakan (Ehlers et al, 1998;Maya et al, 2004;Ansory et al, 2015). Penelitian tentang komponen senyawa dengan konsentrasinya pada pala, minyak pala dan minyak fuli telah banyak dilakukan dikarenakan pemanfaatannya dalam bidang farmakologi (Purseglove et al, 1981;Suprihatin et al, 2002;Jaiswal et al, 2009;Adjene et al, 2010;Asgarpanah et al, 2012), bahan baku industri kosmetik dan industri makanan serta minuman (Kapelle et al, 2010), untuk karakteristik morfoekotipe dan analisis proksimatpun sudah dilakukan (Ilyas et al, 2006).…”