O pen science (OS) opens up new ways of creating and sharing knowledge and of disseminating various kinds of results, such as traditional articles, research data, computational and mathematical codes, 3D models, interactive visualisations, or microinsights. Moreover, OS offers the chance to introduce new ways of evaluating science in a more nuanced, fair, and precise way. As the recent 'altmetrics' push has shown, there is wide agreement that conventional approaches to science evaluation are inadequate. With the open movement becoming stronger -especially in science -, it is a good time to reflect on potential new indicators to gauge the uptake and impact of OS. This conceptual work aims to offer a vantage point for more substantial discussions among the key stakeholders.

The aim of this study is to provide research performing organisations and research funding organisations (RPOs and RFOs) with practical advice on how to engage in an effective RRI institutionalisation. Therefore, we first looked at the most relevant drivers, challenges, and the most beneficial good practices potentially affecting RRI institutionalisation within RPOs and RFOs across Europe through a multi-step, multi-stakeholder consultation approach. The broad set of drivers, barriers and good practices identified at the consultation was methodologically divided into structural, cultural and interchange-related aspects. These aspects can theoretically exercise a positive or negative impact on the RRI institutionalisation, and their validity was tested in Living Labs by six organisations. By categorising these six implementers in terms of RRI readiness we were able to identify key factors and describe specific organisational circumstances conducive to a successful adoption and use of RRI principles and practices for three organisational types of RPOs/RFOs.

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