Introduction:The Morus nigra (Moraceae) known as black mulberry is a well-grown plant in Lembang, Indonesia. Previous studies showed that black mulberry fruit has activity as antibacterial and antioxidant. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract from stem bark, fruit, and leaves of Morus nigra, MIC and morphological changes of the most active extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Methods: Agar diffusion and microdilution assays were used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the extract by measuring the zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against the test bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to evaluate the morphological changes induced by the extract in cellular membrane of the bacteria. Protein and ion leakage from the bacterial cells induced by the extract were also evaluated. Results: The antibacterial activity showed the most active extract was an ethanol extract of the stem bark against S. epidermidis and P. acnes with MIC value 4 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml, respectively. The extract also induced protein and ion leakage in test bacterial cells. SEM findings revealed that the extract induced potential cellular membrane damage in 4xMIC. Conclusion: The antibacterial activity was related to the damaged of bacterial cell wall.

West Java is rich in essential oil-producing plants, essential oils known to be responsible for some pharmacological activities among its antioxidant and antimicrobial. This research aims to know antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and identify the components of a compound essential oil of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.). Components chemistry identified with GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass pectrometer). Antioxidant activity measured by using the DPPH method (2 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 516 λ wavelength absorbance. Antimicrobial activity determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) using microdilution method. The result of GC-MS showed the highest component on nutmeg containing 22.22% myristicin. The antioxidant test showed nutmeg had IC50 at 3,16%, essential oil showed antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of essential oils range from 0.313% to 10%. The content of essential oils of nutmeg plants that grow in the area of West Java Garut can be used to overcome the problems of antioxidants and antimicrobial.Key words: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt), Chemical Composition.

Isolation of essential oil The isolation of essential oils was conducted using water and steam distillation method for 3 hours, and both samples were then stored in the refrigerator prior to further analysis.

Abstrak Stunting menjadi salah satu sorotan utama di Indonesia, karena kejadiannya selalu meningkat. Faktor pola asuh yang buruk dan pola pemberian makanan tidak tepat pada balita merupakan faktor risiko penyebab stunting. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan pola asuh ibu dan pola pemberian makanan terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan  di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cipadung pada bulan Januari-Maret 2022. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu ibu yang memiliki balita. Sampel sebesar 84 responden diambil secara acak. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah alat ukur tinggi badan dan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa pola asuh ibu (p=0,045 dan POR=2,9) dan pola pemberian makanan (p=0,014 dan POR=3,3) berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Pola asuh dan pola pemberian makanan berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Pola asuh ibu yang baik dapat mencegah anak mengalami stunting, begitu juga dengan pemberian makanan, jika ibu memberikan makanan yang tepat untuk anaknya, maka anak dapat terhindar dari stunting. Keywords: stunting, pola asuh, pola pemberian makanan, balita   Abstract Stunting is one of the main highlights in Indonesia, and its prevalence is on the rise. Poor parenting and feeding patterns in children are risk factors for stunting. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal parenting and feeding patterns and the prevalence of stunting in toddlers. This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. The population of this study was mothers who have toddlers. Samples were taken as many as 84 respondents were taken randomly. The instruments used are height measuring devices and questionnaires. Data analysis used the chi square test. The results of the study found that maternal parenting was related to stunting events (p = 0.045 and POR = 2.9). Feeding patterns are associated with stunting events (p=0.014 and POR=3.3). Parenting and feeding patterns are related to stunting events, good maternal parenting can prevent children from stunting, as well as feeding, if the mother provides the right food for her child, then the child can avoid stunting. Keywords: stunting, parenting, feeding patterns, toddlers

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa dan mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan, antimikroba minyak atsiri Akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanoides. L). Minyak atsiri diperoleh dengan cara destilasi uap air dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrometri massa (KG-SM), aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode DPPH serta aktivitas antibakteri ditentukan dengan metode mikrodilusi. Hasil analisis kromatografi gas-spektrometri massa (KG-SM) menunjukan adanya 43 senyawa dengan kandungan utama yaitu sikloisolongifolena (8,27%), 6-Isopropenil-4,8A-Dimetil-3,5,6,7,8,8A-Hexahidrol-1H-Naf (7,20%), delta cadinena (6,29%), aromedenedradiene (5,98%) dan alfa amorpena (5,45%). Aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan IC50 0,515 μg. mL−1. Aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan aktivitas terhadap bakteri uji Gram positif dan bakteri Gram negativ dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum minyak atsiri berkisar dari 62, 50 μg. mL−1 hingga 4000 μg. mL−1. Kandungan minyak atsiri dari tanaman akar wangi direkomendasikan untuk aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri. Kata kunci: Antioksidan, antibakteri, komposisi kimia, akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanoides)