This study aimed to determine cyclists’ nutritional knowledge and habits, and nutritional ergogenic aid usage and shed light on the relation between cyclists’ nutritional knowledge and ergogenic aid usage. It was conducted in Cyprus. There were three groups (study groups: competitive cyclists-CC, recreational cyclists-RC; control group-CG: sedentary adults). Data were collected with a questionnaire that had three sections (the first two sections were related to general nutritional habits, ergogenic aids, anthropometric measurements, and the last section included The Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire-NSKQ). All data were evaluated by Statistical Package for the Social Science-SPSS version 24.0. Totally 174 adults participated voluntarily in this study (n: 58 for each group). CC and RC skipped their main meals and smoked less than CG (p

Bu derleme tarzı yazı Google Akademik, PubMed ve ScienceDirect vb. bilimsel veri tabanlarına 'postbiyotik', 'postbiyotik ve sağlık' anahtar kelimelerinin girilmesi üzerine elde edilen güncel literatürden yola çıkarak postbiyotiklerin sağlık üzerindeki potansiyel etkilerinin değerlendirilmesini hedeflemiştir. Canlı mikroorganizmalar tarafından üretilen postbiyotikler, cansız mikrobiyal hücreler, mikrobiyal fraksiyonlar veya hücre lizatları olarak ifade edilmektedir. Aynı zamanda postbiyotik olarak ifade edilen paraprobiyotikler ve fermente edilmiş bebek formulalarının, konakçı sağlığı üzerinde birçok fizyolojik faydası bulunmaktadır. Çocuklarda, yetişkinlerde ve yaşlılarda anti-inflamatuvar, antimikrobiyal, immünomodülatör, anti-obezojenik, anti-kanser, antioksidan, antihipertansif, hipokolesterolemik gibi sağlığı olumlu yönde etkileyen potansiyel etkiler göstermektedir. Ayrıca postbiyotiklerin diğer mikroorganizmalara (probiyotikler, prebiyotikler, sinbiyotikler) göre ek faydalar sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Postbiyotiklerin bu etkilerini lokal olarak barsak epiteli üzerinden, sistematik olarak organ ve dokular üzerinden gösterdikleri bilinmektedir. Postbiyotiklerin sağlık ile ilişkisini gösteren hayvan ve insan çalışmaları mevcuttur. Postbiyotiklerin etkilerinin detaylı incelendiği (ideal doz, kronik hastalık ilişkisi, olası yan etkileri vb.) in vitro ve in vivo çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Objective: Effects of regular physical activity on the human health is an important factor for the life quality parameters. The present study aimed to determine effects of moderate aerobic exercise on the life quality and human health. Materials and Methods: There were three groups (competitive cyclists, recreational cyclists and control) who voluntarily participated in this study. The cyclists of the National Bicycle Federation who could continue trainings during the Corona virus pandemic (n: 50), cyclists of the amateur clubs (n: 50) and 50 sedentary adults (≥19 years) were enrolled (n:150). World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Abbreviated Version - WHOQOL-BREF-TR was used to determine participants' life qualities. Results: Competitive cyclists trained for 13.33 (±7.24) hours per week and they had 4798 min/week MET values. Subgroup scores of WHQOL-BREF-TR (physical, psychological, social, environmental, national environment, general life quality and health) were found to be higher in competitive cyclists than others (recreational cyclists and sedentary adults). In addition, the values of competitive and amateur cyclists in the physical health level parameters were higher than the control group. Competitive cyclists had higher scores for psychological, social health and general life quality subgroups than others (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that if physical activity level increases, general health status and life quality increase. As a result of the study, it was found that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (2600-4800 MET-min/week energy expenditure) between 7-13 hours a week supports the protection of general health and has positive effects on life quality. There is a need for future research to determine different exercise types, intensity, frequency and their effects on the general health status and life quality.