With the development of technology, people are increasingly under the exposure of electromagnetic fi elds. Individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes are now long-term exposed to Radio Frequency-RF radiation and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fi elds (MFs). The purpose of this present study is to investigate oxidative effects and antioxidant parameters of ELF MFs and RF radiation on testis tissue in diabetic and healthy rats. Wistar male rats were divided into 10 groups. Intraperitoneal single dose STZ (65 mg/kg) dissolved in citrate buffer (0.1M (pH 4.5)) was injected to diabetes groups. ELF MFs and RF radiation were used as an electromagnetic exposure for 20 min/day, 5 days/week for one month. Testis tissue oxidant malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidants glutathione (GSH), and total nitric oxide (NOx) levels were determined. The results of ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests were compared; p < 0.05 was considered signifi cant. ELF and RF radiation resulted in an increase in testicular tissue MDA and NO X levels (p < 0.05), and caused a decrease in GSH levels (p < 0.05) in both healthy and diabetic rats, yet more distinctively in diabetic rats. The most pronounced effect was recorded in D-RF + ELF group (p < 0.005). Both radiation practices increased the oxidative stress in testis tissue while causing a decrease in antioxidant level which was more distinctive in diabetic rats (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 30). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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Objective: Medicaments used in the therapy of GIS diseases have many detrimental impacts. Therefore, antioxidant effective molecules can help in the treatment process. This study aimed to examine the oxidant and antioxidant activity of thymoquinone (TQ) and citalopram in gastric and duodenum tissues of reserpinized rats. Materials and Methods: In the study, we split the rats in six groups of six rats each: 1) Control (C) 1; 2) Control (C) 2; 3) reserpine (R); 4) Reserpine+citalopram (R+C); 5) Reserpine+thymoquinone (R+T); 6) Reserpine+citalopram+thymoquinone (R+C+T). Reserpine (0.2 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered. TQ (10 mg/kg) and citalopram (10 mg/kg) were intragastrically administered 30 min before reserpine injection. The rats were treated for 14 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, we examined total antioxidant status and total oxidant status in gastric tissue; and total nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels in duodenum tissue. Results: There was a reduction on total oxidant status in gastric tissue in the R+C group in comparison with the R group (p<0.01). The decrease in total oxidant status in the R+C+T and R+T groups was more significant (p<0.01). An increase in total antioxidant status was observed in the R+C, R+T, and R+C+T groups when compared to the R group (p<0.01). In comparison to the R group, there was a reduction in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and a rise in glutathione level in duodenum tissue in the R+C+T and R+T groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: Reserpine increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacity in gastric and duodenum tissues. TQ and citalopram+TQ treatment decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant capacity in gastric and duodenum tissues. TQ and citalopram+TQ treatments proved to be more effective in protection from oxidative stress caused by reserpine in gastric and duodenum tissues than citalopram treatment.

Objective: The objective of the study was to research the oxidant and antioxidant activity of Thymoquinone (TQ) in the testicular tissue of Reserpinized rats. Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into three groups and each group had six animals: 1) Control (C) group: Received ip. 1% Tween 80; 2) Reserpine (R) group: Received Reserpine; 3) Reserpine + TQ (R+T) group: Received Reserpine and TQ. Reserpine was injected intraperitoneally 0.2 mg/kg and TQ was administered intragastrically 10 mg/kg once daily. The rats were treated for 14 consecutive days. At the end of the study, total nitric oxide (NOx) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione (GSH) levels in the testicular tissue were examined. Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in the NOx levels (p=0.001) and MDA levels of testicular tissue in the R group (p<0.001). A decrease was observed in the GSH levels (p<0.001). It was found out that there was a decrease in NOx and MDA levels while there was an increase in GSH levels in the R+T group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Reserpine caused an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in antioxidant capacity in testicular tissue. TQ yielded recovery of Reserpine induced toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress markers and increasing antioxidant capacity.

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