Two new species of Asparagaceae (subfamily Nolinoideae), Peliosanthes nagalandensis and P. tobuensis, from the state of Nagaland, Northeastern India, are described and illustrated. P. nagalandensis is most closely related to P. arunachalensis, but differs mainly by the longer leaf blades, distinctly sigmoid flowering stem with a shorter peduncle and longer raceme, more numerous green to purple flowers, distally finely denticulate-erose perianth segments, basally hamately recurved anthers and papillulate pistil with an apically slightly concave ovary and a columnar style. While P. tobuensis is close to P. arunachalensis and P. sinica, but differs mainly by the strongly incurved, entire corona and ovoid pistil with obtusely conical indistinct style.

Tupistra Ker Gawler (1814: 1655) belonging to Asparagaceae subfamily Nolinoideae (APG 2009, Chase et al. 2009), includes about 26 species (Govaerts 2016). These taxa spread mainly in south and south-east of continental Asia, including Nepal, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia (Tanaka 2003a, 2003b,  2010a, 2010b, Averyanov et al. 2016). This genus is characterised by leaves with slender petiolar base, relatively large stigma broader than the style, stout columnar style almost as thick as the ovary and usually tuberculate, dirty green, globular berry-like fruit (Tanaka 2003a, 2010a). In India, Tupistra is represented so far by four species, namely Tupistra clarkei Hooker (1894: 325), T. nutans Wall. ex Lindley (1839: 1223), T. stoliczana Kurz (1875: 199) and T. tupistroides (Kunth 1848: 12) Dandy (1932: 329).

The genus Rohdea Roth (1821: 196) belonging to the family Asparagaceae (APG 2009) comprises 14 species and is distributed in South East Asia (Tanaka 2003, Averyanov et al. 2014, Govaerts 2016). In India, the genus includes 4 species namely R. delavayi (Franchet 1896: 40) Tanaka (2003: 331), R. eucomoides (Baker 1875: 581) Tanaka (2003: 332), R. nepalensis (Rafinesque 1838: 15) Tanaka (2010: 23) and R. wattii (Clarke 1889: 78) Yamashita & Tamura (2004: 369) (Hooker 1894, Liang & Tamura 2000).

Peliosanthes Andrews (1808: 605) belongs to the subfamily Nolinoideae (Chase et al. 2009) of Asparagaceae (APG 2016). This genus contains 60–65 species distributed widely in South and Southeast Asia (Nguyen et al. 2017). Peliosanthes macrophylla Wall. in Baker (1879: 505) was described by Baker based on the collections made from “Himalaya Orientalis” in Sikkim and Mishmi. In the original description, Baker cited three collectors (J.D. Hooker & T. Thomsons, C.B. Clarke and W. Griffith). The first author could trace the collection of J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson (s.n., K000099377!, K000099378!, P00753584!), and W. Griffith (5841, P00214605!) which fit with the protologue of the species. Since no holotype was indicated these all should be regarded as syntypes according to Art. 9.5 of ICN (McNeill et al. 2012). According to Art. 9.12, the lectotype should be chosen from those syntypes. Since the specimen designated as “Griffith 5841” (P00214605!) is the only cited in protologue with collection number, it is selected here as the lectotype. A detailed morphological description and photographic illustration (Fig. 1) of the species based on living plant material is also given here to facilitate its identification.

The genus Gleadovia was described by J.S Gamble and D. Prain (1900: 488) including a single species, G. ruborum Gamble & Prain (1900: 489) on the base of plants collected in 1898 from Bodyar, Jauansar in N.W. Himalaya. The genus is represented now by 3 species distributed in India and China. These species are: G. ruborum Gamble & Prain (India and China), G. mupinense Hu (1939: 2) (China) and G. banerjiana Deb (1956: 799) (India). G. ruborum is characterized by ovate or oblong leaves, 3- to several pedicelate flowers clustered at stem apex, obovate bract, spatulate-oblanceolate bracteoles,  a tubular-campanulate calyx funnelform upward, much shorter than corolla, to 1.8 cm in diam., comparatively shorter pedicel, to 2.5 cm long and by corolla glabrous abaxially, villous adaxially (J.S. Gamble 26949-K! (K000999865, K000999866); CAL! (Acc. No. 329959)), whereas G. mupinense is characterized by oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate leaves, 3- to several pedicelate flowers borne on upper part of stem, oblong-lanceolate bract, linear-lanceolate bracteoles, a tubular calyx slightly enlarged upward, much shorter than corolla, to 1.2 cm in diam., longer pedicel, to 9 cm long and  by densely villous corolla lobes on both sides (T.T. Yu 2189-PE! (PE - 1643589-00032337)), while G. banerjiana is characterized by lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, spatulate leaves, 1–3 subsessile, ebracteate, ebraceolate flower(s) borne at the stem apex, a spathaceous calyx more or less equal to corolla, to 4.5 cm in diam. and densely hairy corolla lobes inside (D.B. Deb 2247A-CAL! (Acc. No. 329964)). When Gamble and Prain (1900) described G. ruborum, they mentioned in the protolouge the collections of J.S. Gamble, F. Gleadow, J.F. Duthie and Duthie’s collectors collected in 1898 from Bodyar, Jaunsar in N.W. Himalaya. Thus the cited authentic collections consist of several elements collected by different collectors. Therefore it warrants the typification under Art. 9.5 of the International Code of Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2012). Hence a lectotype is designated here from the original collections.