Two new species of Asparagaceae (subfamily Nolinoideae), Peliosanthes nagalandensis and P. tobuensis, from the state of Nagaland, Northeastern India, are described and illustrated. P. nagalandensis is most closely related to P. arunachalensis, but differs mainly by the longer leaf blades, distinctly sigmoid flowering stem with a shorter peduncle and longer raceme, more numerous green to purple flowers, distally finely denticulate-erose perianth segments, basally hamately recurved anthers and papillulate pistil with an apically slightly concave ovary and a columnar style. While P. tobuensis is close to P. arunachalensis and P. sinica, but differs mainly by the strongly incurved, entire corona and ovoid pistil with obtusely conical indistinct style.

The monotypic ginger genus Stadiochilus R. M. Sm. with S. burmanicus R. M. Sm. earlier known from Myanmar is reported here as a new record for India from the state of Nagaland. A detailed taxonomic description along with photographic illustrations of S. burmanicus is given. For conservation purposes, the IUCN status of this species has been evaluated as Endangered. The present field study ascertained that extraction of timber and non-timber forest products, forest fires and shifting cultivation are the major threats to the species in the locality in Nagaland reported here.