Histoire(s) et actualité du vodou à Paris. Hié rarchies sociales et relations de pouvoir dans un culte haïtien transnational Dimitri Bé chacq Docteur en Anthropologie sociale et ethnologie de l' École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales Ré sumé : Cet article examine les conditions historiques, sociales et matérielles des pratiques du vodou à Paris et en Ile-de-France. Les enjeux de ces pratiques soulignent une dynamique de visibilité et d'invisibilité, d'inclusion et de fermeture qui détermine autant les relations humaines à l'intérieur du culte que les rapports avec une société française réfractaire au vodou. Sa présence à Paris remonte aux années 1960, avec les mises en scène inspirées du culte, et elle s'inscrit dans une histoire qui débute par les tournées des troupes folkloriques, formées à Port-au-Prince dans les années 1940. Les pratiques contemporaines du vodou en Ile-de-France nécessi-tent des adaptations matérielles et rituelles. Elles relèvent autant d'une logique de protection que de relations de pouvoir fondées sur l'autorité religieuse et sur l'origine ethnique des pratiquants. Le vodou se révèle être un espace de compétition où les procédés de légitimation, véhiculés par des rumeurs, s'appuient sur des traditions et des territoires, sur la dimension économique et sur le respect des prescriptions rituelles. La circulation de ces rumeurs, de Paris à Brooklyn, suggère l'existence d'un espace transnational de moralité fondé sur des normes sociales et religieuses qui trouvent leur origine en Haïti.Abstract: This article examines the historical, social and material conditions of the practice of Vodou in Paris and in the Ile-de-France region. This practice can be understood in terms of a dynamic of visibility and invisibility, of inclusion and exclusion which influences the human relationships within Vodou, as well as the resistance it has met in French society. Its presence in Paris goes back to the sixties, with theatre inspired by Vodou, and a history which begins with the tours of folk companies, trained in Portau-Prince in the forties. The contemporary practice of Vodou in the Ile-de-France has involved material and ritual adaptations. It is founded as much upon a logic of protections as upon power relationships between religious authorities and the ethnic origins of Vodou practitioners. Vodou is revealed to be a competitive space where the process of legitimization, aided by rumours, is based on traditions and territories, on the economic dimension and on respect for ritual instruction. The circulation of these rumours, from Paris to Brooklyn, suggests the existence of a transnational space of morality based on social and religious norms which have their origin in Haiti.
The lancehead (Bothrops lanceolatus) is a poisonous snake endemic to Martinique, an island in the Lesser Antilles arc. Today, this snake is on the verge of extinction. The recorded number of snakes killed yearly between 1970 and 2002 decreased by 97%. Despite the production of an antivenom in 1993, the local authorities set up a financial reward to encourage the eradication of lancehead snakes. Today the local population still perceives the snake as a threat, due to its fatal venom and its fierce behaviour. The case study of the lancehead in Martinique highlights the need to develop integrated strategies to conserve species of poisonous snakes on densely populated islands. This requires innovative, cross-sectoral strategies that involve decision-makers working along with multi-disciplinary scientists. Approaching the complexity of ecosystems through the socio-ecological prism implies, conversely, linking up the domains of science and technology, life and environmental sciences, and human and social sciences, through interactions based on sharing common assumptions.
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