Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder characterized by high glucose levels and metabolism abnormalities in processing carbohydrates, fats and proteins (2). Diabetes is a life-long disease. Studies show more oral complications among diabetics compared to non-diabetic individuals matched by age and sex. A crucial factor in examining oral pathology is the glycemic control of patients. Accordingly, different oral complications may be revealed. Objectives: To examine and summarize the prevalence, symptoms and signs of oral manifestation of DM type 1 in a sample group of Bulgarian children. Research design and methods:We studied 2 groups of children: diabetics and their age-and sexmatched non-diabetic individuals as controls. Results: Data from our study showed that there is not significant higher prevalence of dental caries but significantly higher plaque, gingival inflammation, bad breath (halitosis) and dry mouth in diabetic patients compared with clinically healthy control subjects. Conclusions: Our study finds that oral health problems in patients with DM can start very early. They become more prominent in adolescent patients. Dentists should be aware of signs, symptoms and treatment options for the disorders which accompany this disease, as well as to examine for such complications, even if the patients have no related complaints.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a form of thrombotic microangiopathy which takes its clinical course by a triad of symptoms: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. We review a considerable amount of literature about the mentioned problem.

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INTRODUCTION: The preauricular sinus (PAuS) is a malformation of the auricula pinna. The structure may present isolated or as a component of a number of oto-renal syndromes. AIM: The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of PAuS in a Bulgarian cohort and propose a model for its inheritance, based on the transgenerational mechanisms derived from the genealogic trees of interviewed individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 healthy individuals were prospectively evaluated for the presence of a PAuS on a random cohort sampling principle. A descriptive statistical approach was used when categorizing the individual features. Individuals were also assessed in terms of their genealogies and presence of renal symptoms. RESULTS: Of all assessed individuals, 3% (n=3) had a structure complying with the criteria for a PAuS. No one having the structure reported renal symptoms. The genealogical trees were characteristic of a dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. CONCLUSION: The incidence of PAuS in our study cohort is similar to that of other Caucasian cohorts and gives a rare modern glimpse into the transgenerational inheritance of the PAuS, together with data on the oto-nephrological syndromes.

INTRODUCTION:Evidence associates obesity with glomerular hyperfiltration. Concurrent inflammation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance represent further established risks to renal health in both children and adults. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between childhood obesity and the risk of renal impairment.