Aim. To investigate the effect of more than 25-year cigarette smoking on choroidal and retinal thickness, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Thirty-one smokers and 25 age- and sex-matched nonsmokers, serving as control group, were submitted to slit-lamp biomicroscopy and dilated fundoscopy, SD-OCT, measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and axial length (AL). Heidelberg Spectralis was used to calculate choroidal thickness (CT), ganglion cell complex (GCC), outer retina layers (ORL), and macular thicknesses (MT). Results. The smokers' group consisted of 17 males and 14 females with mean age of 57.8 ± 4.5 years, while the controls' group consisted of 14 males and 11 females with mean age of 68.0 ± 4.1 years. CT and GCC thicknesses were significantly reduced in smokers compared to control group. The differences in thicknesses of ORL were marginally significant between two groups. The measurements of MT, IOP, CCT, and AL had the same distributions between smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusions. Tobacco smoking seems to result in thinner choroid and retina compared to nonsmokers. This is the first study in literature that investigates the anatomical effect of smoking for more than 25 years on the choroid and retina.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases occurring in women, and its incidence increases over the years. It is the main site of origin in ocular metastatic disease in women, and, due to its hematogenous nature of metastatic spread, it affects mainly the uveal tissue. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the clinical manifestations of the breast cancer ocular metastatic disease, alongside the side effects of the available treatment options for the management and regression of the systematic and ophthalmic disease.

Intravitreal ranibizumab is highly effective in improving or stabilizing vision and lesion morphology in patients with macular choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks.

Rationale:To investigate malignant hypertension ocular lesions with swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).Patient concerns:Visual loss due to malignant hypertension.Diagnoses:Hypertensive chorioretinopathy.Interventions:Patients were thoroughly examined on presentation and 30 days after their first visit, with swept-source optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography.Outcomes:Lesions were totally absorbed during the follow-up time. Additionally, they presented fibrin deposits, as multiple solid hyper-reflective structures overlying retinal pigment epithelium, on both—SS-OCT and OCT-A. The last were still detected even larger in size at the last visit of the patients.Lessons:These novel imaging examinations allow the ophthalmologist to detect in detail the several clinical manifestations of malignant hypertension on the fundus, and draw useful conclusions about their peculiar pathogenesis.