диляра усМаноВа, дина Мустафина Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университетТрадиции восточной археографии в Казани и Казанском университетеСтатья посвящена истории становления и развития восточной археографии в Казани, направленной на выявление, сбор и изучение ориентальных арабогра-фических рукописей. Показано, что археографические исследования, имеющие более чем двухсотлетнюю традицию, во многом были обусловлены зарожде-нием в Казанском университете научного востоковедения, получившего мощ-ный импульс благодаря собирательской деятельности преподавателей "Разряда восточной словесности", а также татарских просветителей и интеллектуалов. Авторы более подробно рассмотрели качественно новый этап в развитии архео-графической работы, наступивший в 60-х гг. ХХ в. после организации регуляр-ных археографических экспедиций, приведших к весомому росту количества рукописей и старопечатных книг в фондах Научной библиотеки Казанского уни-верситета. Логическим продолжением работы археографических экспедиций стало создание специальной Археографической лаборатории, ориентированной на расширение камеральных изысканий, составление справочных изданий, би-блиографических указателей и подготовку уникальных рукописных текстов к печати. Авторы статьи также очертили перспективы развития восточной архео-графии в Казанском университете.Ключевые слова: Казань, восточная археография, арабографические руко-писи, археографические экспедиции, Археографическая лаборатория Казанско-го университета.

The urgency of the problem under investigation is caused by the fact that the system of the settlement is the basis and the indicator showing the change in the spatial characteristics, as well as a measure and the reflector of the nature of social and economic processes in a particular area, in this case -Kazan County. The purpose of the article is to familiarize with the first attempts to implement spatial and statistical analysis of data on rural settlement in the middle of the XIX century using the methods of modern computer technology. Leading techniques to the study of this problem are the methods of spatial and spatial-statistical analysis of the data. To visualize the settlement structure of the Kazan district an electronic cartographic base was used, established on the basis of the map of 1910. The localization of the settlements accounted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1859, and a spatial analysis of the current settlement system revealed the areas of the greatest concentration of the settlements, relatively uniform distribution of settlements on the existing three county units of the County and uneven distribution of different their types, socio-ethnic and religious heterogeneity of the population, the direction of the main vector of economic and economic development, the beginnings of the industrial production in the county. Study materials are the most time-consuming and defining step in the creation of the historical geographic information system (GIS).

Relevance of the topic is due to the prevailing in modern science trend-complex study of society, not only in time but also in space, established thanks to the convergence and integration of Arts and Sciences. The paper aims to describe our own experience of association within the framework of a single information field of full-text data sources, mainly registration, accounting and statistics data (cadastres, scribe and census books) and maps to represent in terms of spatial coordinates the social stratification of the city Sviyazhsk and its surroundings in the XVII century. The leading method in the research of this problem is that of geo-information technologies. The main results of this work were the establishment of historical sources database of the period under study, data formalization of the written sources, compiling the geographic basis of geo-information system (GIS), digitization and creation of vectorized base of geo-data (BGD), which allows to localize and identify the settlement of Sviyazhsk County. The paper materials will be useful for further research and for model development of a settlement structure, farm tenure and land use, social stratification of the population and multifaceted relationships of towns and villages (peasantry) in the Middle Volga area in the second half of the XVII century.

The relevance of the problem under investigation related to the religious policy is caused by the need of studying the historical experience of relations between the Orthodox state and the other faiths, crowned with tolerance and legitimization of Islam and the need to develop both an optimal model of church-state relations and ethnic and religious policy, not only in the medieval period, but in the context of the challenges of modernity and politicization of religion. Article examines the religious policy of the Russian state in relation to the non-Orthodox religions, especially Islam, in the process of entering a multi-confessional and multi-ethnic territory of the former Kazan khanate in the orbit of the functioning of the Russian state in the second half of the XVI-XVIII centuries. Its aim is to highlight the evolution of the political line of aversion to religious tolerance caused by the resistance of the non-Russian peoples of the baptism. The paper concluded that the possibility of allocating the six milestones Christianization of the non-Russian peoples of the Middle Volga region as part of the emerging empire in the XVI-XVIII centuries. It is noted that in general, despite the limitation of the non-Russian population owners' rights, infringement of socio-economic rights of the Yasak majority and a pressure on Muslim clerics, this policy proved to be ineffective against Muslims. It is noted that the relaxation of Christianization was due to social movements, among which a rebellion. It is emphasized that awareness of the need to review the relationship of Islam and a peaceful coexistence between the two faiths, to some extent led to their subsequent convergence. The materials of the article have value for understanding the formation of cultural, historical and national identity, adding principles of interaction with other cultures, able to lead to a mutually beneficial dialogue, for research on the history of both Russia and the peoples of the Volga-Ural region. Also the materials of the article may be used in general and special courses of Russian history and the history of religion.