A unique GPS velocity field that spans the entire Southeast Asia region is presented. It is based on 10 years (1994–2004) of GPS data at more than 100 sites in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The majority of the horizontal velocity vectors have a demonstrated global accuracy of ∼1 mm/yr (at 95% confidence level). The results have been used to (better) characterize the Sundaland block boundaries and to derive a new geokinematic model for the region. The rotation pole of the undeformed core of the Sundaland block is located at 49.0°N–94.2°E, with a clockwise rotation rate of 0.34°/Myr. With respect to both geodetically and geophysically defined Eurasia plate models, Sundaland moves eastward at a velocity of 6 ± 1 to 10 ± 1 mm/yr from south to north, respectively. Contrary to previous studies, Sundaland is shown to move independently with respect to South China, the eastern part of Java, the island of Sulawesi, and the northern tip of Borneo. The Red River fault in South China and Vietnam is still active and accommodates a strike‐slip motion of ∼2 mm/yr. Although Sundaland internal deformation is general very small (less than 7 nanostrain/yr), important accumulation of elastic deformation occurs along its boundaries with fast‐moving neighboring plates. In particular in northern Sumatra and Malaysia, inland‐pointing trench‐perpendicular residual velocities were detected prior to the megathrust earthquake of 26 December 2004. Earlier studies in Sumatra already showed this but underestimated the extent of the deformation zone, which reaches more than 600 km away from the trench. This study shows that only a regional Southeast Asia network spanning thousands of kilometers can provide a reference frame solid enough to analyze intraplate and interplate deformation in detail.

The island of Sulawesi, eastern Indonesia, is located within the triple junction of the Australian, Philippine, and Sunda plates and accommodates the convergence of continental fragments with the Sunda margin. We quantify the kinematics of Sulawesi by modeling GPS velocities and earthquake slip vectors as a combination of rigid block rotations and elastic deformation around faults. We find that the deformation can be reasonably described by a small number of rapidly rotating crustal blocks. Relative to the Sunda Plate, the southwestern part of Sulawesi (Makassar Block) rotates anticlockwise at ∼1.4°/Myr. The northeastern part of Sulawesi, the Bangai‐Sula domain, comprises three blocks: the central North Sula Block moves toward the NNW and rotates clockwise at ∼2.5°/Myr, the northeastern Manado Block rotates clockwise at ∼3°/Myr about a nearby axis, and East Sulawesi is pinched between the North Sula and Makassar blocks. Along the boundary between the Makassar Block and the Sunda Plate, GPS measurements suggest that the trench accommodates ∼15 mm/yr of slip within the Makassar Strait with current elastic strain accumulation. The tectonic boundary between North Sula and Manado blocks is the Gorontalo Fault, moving right laterally at about 11 mm/yr and accumulating elastic strain. The 42 mm/yr relative motion between North Sula and Makassar blocks is accommodated on the Palu‐Koro left‐lateral strike‐slip fault zone. The data also indicate a pull‐apart structure in Palu area, where the fault shows a transtensive motion and may have a complex geometry involving several active strands. Sulawesi provides a primary example of how collision can be accommodated by crustal block rotation instead of mountain building.

The Sunda arc forms the southern border of the Indonesia Archipelago, where the Indo-Australian plate is subducted beneath Eurasia. The age of subducting plate increases from Sumatra in the west to Flores in the east. The increase in age is consistent with an increase in plate dip along the arc and an increasing depth of seismic activity. The motion of Australia with respect to West Java is 68 mm/yr in a direction N11E orthogonal to the trench. A number of active faults characterizing this area include Cimandiri fault, Lembang fault and Baribis fault. This research uses campaign and continues GPS data to make a preliminary estimation of the slip rate of Lembang fault. Our GPS measurements suggest that Lembang fault has shallow creeping and deeper locking portion. The estimated slip rate is 6 mm/yr with fault locking at 3-15 km and shallow creeping with the same rate. While the results are preliminary and we need more data for reliable estimations, we point out that these data can contribute to earthquake risk assessment by constraining earthquake recurrence relationships.

Abstract. In the last few decades, the tidal inundation and abrasion along northern coast of Java Indonesia have been grown very rapidly. These situations are far beyond the geological scale. These are way too fast. Time series of high resolution satellite image data shows very clearly the tidal inundation and abrasion existence. In the recent years in fact the tidal inundation is obviously going further deeper inland. Many of urban and other areas like farming area, fishpond, etc. have been suffered tidal inundation and becoming worse in times. First it was only few centimetres of inundation and come only at a high tide, but now it can be more than a half of meter and coming at regular tide, and even has comes permanently in certain places. Many of the area along northern coast of Java are also suffering abrasion due to frequently of bad weather with storm surge strike the coastal area. What is happening to the northern coast of Java Island Indonesia is one most clear pictures of 'early climate change disaster'. Adaptation has been created against this 'early climate change disaster' such as build dykes, elevate the land, houses, infrastructures, etc. This paper will tell in details and comprehensively regarding adaptation of 'early climate change disaster' to the northern coast of Java Island Indonesia. This is one way to remain on what would happen in the future world wide as the global climate change consequences are finally coming. We have seen the news of the projection model of sinking of coastal cities in the world, vanishing Islands around the Pacific, etc. in the future.

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