The increasing incidence of extreme wildfire is becoming a concern for public health. Although long-term exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with respiratory illnesses, reports on the association between short-term occupational exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function remain scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 218 Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers (mean age: 38 ± 9 years) deployed at the Fort McMurray wildfires in 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was calculated by integrating the duration of exposure with the air quality parameters obtained from the nearest air quality monitoring station during the phase of deployment. Lung function was measured using spirometry and body plethysmography. Association between exposure and lung function was examined using principal component linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders. In our findings, the participants were predominantly male (71%). Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and residual volume (RV) were 76.5 ± 5.9 and 80.1 ± 19.5 (% predicted). A marginal association was observed between air pollution and higher RV [β: 1.55; 95% CI: −0.28 to 3.37 per interquartile change of air pollution index], but not with other lung function indices. The association between air pollution index and RV was significantly higher in participants who were screened within the first three months of deployment (2.80; 0.91 to 4.70) than those screened later (−0.28; −2.58 to 2.03), indicating a stronger effect of air pollution on peripheral airways. Acute short-term exposure to wildfire-associated air pollutants may impose subtle but clinically important deleterious respiratory effects, particularly in the peripheral airways.

1. Beyond killing, predators have nonlethal effects on their potential prey. Because aphids are highly aggregated, their predators aggregate as well, creating conditions optimal for nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) among competing larvae. Although intraguild predator (IGP) density can alter the balance between conflicting forces, little is known about its effect on competing prey.2. A partitioned Petri-dish that permitted the passage of signals was used to examine the NCEs between competing stages of similar-or different-sized, conspecific or heterospecific, individuals, on development, survival and reproduction of competing prey.3. Coccinella undecimpunctata L. larvae suffered developmental and reproductive costs resulting from the presence of conspecific and heterospecific larvae, but showed no impact on their survival. In contrast, larvae of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) gained developmental benefits, without reproductive costs. Faster development can be construed as adaptive, as it reduces immature mortality.4. Interestingly, threat-sensitive prey responses appear to be species-specific, regardless of predator density. In a C. carnea larva-H. variegata adult competing system, larvae responded to the threat posed by heterospecific adults, with accelerated development, but suffered reproductive costs. In a C. carnea larva-C. undecimpunctata adult system, no overall development costs in response to heterospecific adults were evident. The only cost was on survival at higher IGP density. Thus, the phenotype induced under H. variegata stress was adaptive for development in aphid colonies, whereas that under C. undecimpunctata stress was not.5. NCEs are not simple vertical forces affecting prey, but can affect guilds on the same trophic level. Co-release of more than one species and density of these species may adversely increase the aphid populations.

The greater wax moth (GWM) and the Lesser Wax Moth (LWM) are known to be harmful on wax combs in apiaries and in storage. Activity of GWM and LWM were carried out in the apiaries in different local (Sakha, Qallinand El-Reyad)and the in stor ein Kaf El-Sheikh Governorate. In apiary ,the lower number of wax moth were recorded during December, January, and February, the percentage numbers of larvae wax moth in December were (0.00, 1.49 and 0.00 %), January (0.00, 0.00 and 0.00 %) and February (0.00, 0.00 and 1.25 % larvae/ Colony) for three apiaries Sakha, Qallin and El Reyad. respectively. while the higher percentages number of larvae recorded during August, July, and September (19.23, 16.00 and 14.28%) in Sakha and (17.42,16,96 and 12,50%) in Reyad but in Qallin the higher percentages numbers of larvae were during August , September and July (17,91, 15,71and 12,31% larvae/ Colony) ,respectively. In storage, the experiment was carried out at storage of Beekeeping Research Section at Sakha Agriculture Research Station, five boxes (10 frames each) were vertically impacted in the store to record the number of the alive stages immature (larvae, pupa) and adult insect of the two wax moths .In General the high infection of larvae of the GWM and LWM in storage were in May , June and July but pupae and adult of The GWM and LWM in storage during June , July, August and September during (29-35C 0) and (50-55 Rh%) which might had helped in the rapid breeding of the moth.

The present investigation indicated that the citrus flower moth, Prays citri (Millière) showed that differences in their response to host plant species. However, P. citri population greatly preferred lime over navel orange and mandarin. Lime flowers received the highest numbers of P. citri throughout the whole period of investigation, while no infestation occurred on mandarin. Navel orange flowers were of intermediate rank for P. citri population. The obtained results illustrated that both larval and pupal populations exhibited one peak of seasonal abundance during 2015 and 2016 seasons. Distribution of P. citri population within host plants, based on the analysis of variance, was affected by directions. However, P. citri population was significantly higher at the south direction than the other cardinal directions (north, west and east) and center of the canopies. The present study showed that P. citri population exhibited positive response to the increase of mean temperature, while, it showed negative response to both relative humidity and wind speed. No significant differences were observed between the duration periods of all developmental stages which reared on different host (lime, navel orange and mandarin) flowers. Analysis of life table of P. citri population indicated that mortality of larval stage is the Key-stage mortality, which can induce population changes comparing to other specific stage mortalities.

The quality and quantity of silk produced by the mulberry silkworm, Bombox mori L. are highly influenced by larval feeding, larval ages, care, and types of races. This work investigated effects of adding chamomile and cinnamon oil to larval food on some biological parameters of B. mori. For this purpose, cinnamon and chamomile oils were used in different concentrations (for cinnamon: 0.5 ,0.75, 1%; for chamomile: 1%, 2% and 3%). The results showed that the cinnamon 1% highly increased, in a significant way, the weights of larvae, cocoon and pupae compared with the other concentrations. Further, cinnamon 1% also gave the heaviest weights of larvae and fresh cocoon with an increase of 4.368 and 3.229 g, respectively. In addition, the counts of haemocytes, in general, and especially oenocytoides were higher in those larvae fed on diet containing 1% of cinnamon oil. Furthermore, this concentration increased the immunity of larvae. Furthermore, the best concentration for accelerating the development of B. mori larvae as well as their cocoon weight was found to be 1% of cinnamon oil. From the economical point of view, these results are promising and these oil additives to larval diet could be recommended to improve the sericulture parameters.