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INTRODUCTION: Despite the cariostatic effect of fluoride, the continuous use of fluoridated toothpastes increases the risk of dental fluorosis. Therefore, new safe alternative technologies of teeth remineralization must be introduced to arrest dental caries and remineralize the early enamel carious lesions. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the remineralizing effect of eggshell powder and novamine on initial caries-like lesions in young permanent teeth compared to fluoride. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 96 permanent teeth were selected. Each Tooth was coated with nail varnish, leaving squares of 4x4 mm. Each tooth was sectioned into 2 halves longitudinally in a buccolingual direction through the center of the window to obtain a mesial and a distal half (192 specimens). One half was treated and the other half was remained untreated to serve as its negative control. Teeth were assigned into three groups according to treatment agent; group I (eggshell powder solution), group II (novamine toothpaste) and group III (fluoride toothpaste) .Specimens were immersed in the demineralizing solution for 72 hours to produce artificial carious lesions on the exposed enamel surface. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant mean microhardness and lesion depth values between test subgroups IA (eggshell powder), IIA (novamine) and their controls (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in mean microhardness and lesion depth values between the test subgroup IIIA (fluoride) and its control (P>0.001). There was statistically significant difference in mean percent difference values of enamel microhardness among three groups (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in mean percent difference values of lesion depth between the three groups (P>0.001). CONCLUSION: Both eggshell powder and novamine were effective for remineralization of initial caries-like lesions of young permanent teeth.

INTRODUCTION:Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is very widely used as a grafting material around dental implants. The properties of such material can be enhanced by adding interpositional graft materials to enhance osteoinduction. Hyaluronic acid (HyA) is an example of osteopromoting materials that can be added to the BCP to enhance its osteoinductive properties. OBJECTIVES: Histological evaluation of using HyA with BCP on bone healing around dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study was a split mouth design. It was conducted on 9 mongrel dogs. The dogs were allocated into two groups: Group A (Study Group): The right side of the mandible received dental implants with biphasic calcium phosphate bone graft mixed with hyaluronic acid following extraction of the mandibular third premolar. Group B (Control Group): The left side of the mandible received dental implants with biphasic calcium phosphate bone graft only following extraction of the mandibular third premolar. Dogs were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Segments containing the implant and bone graft were retrieved with adjacent bone to be prepared for histological examination using Haematoxylin and eosin stain and Trichrome stain. RESULTS: All animals survived well, and remained active and alert all over the course of the experiment. Both groups were characterized by new bone formation. The newly formed bone was more evident in association with group (A). CONCLUSIONS: HyA accelerates the onset of new bone formation when combined with BCP for bone augmentation in the treatment of osseous defects.

Introduction:The development of a self-limiting caries removal technique would be of great clinical importance. Smart bur II is a relatively new bur in the dental market and its manufacturer is claiming that it is the ultimate bur for selective caries removal. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate caries removal time and efficacy of Smart bur II in comparison with conventional carbide bur. Material and methods: Twenty-three children, each with bilateral primary canine showing comparable class V carious lesions were selected for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group I (n=30): caries was removed using the Smart bur II, Group II (n=30): caries was removed using the conventional carbide bur. The efficacy of caries removal was evaluated by "tug-back" sensation. Time needed for caries removal in both groups was recorded in seconds. An additional group of seven extracted carious primary canine were randomly selected for the in vitro study. Teeth were cut into 2 halves through center of the lesion, one half was subjected to caries removal using Smart bur II as in group I and conventional carbide bur was used in the other half as in group II. The specimen were prepared and topographic features of dentin after caries removal was evaluated using the scanning electron microscope. Results: The comparison of caries removal efficiency between smart bur II and carbide bur showed that the smart bur II completely removed caries in 11 cases accounting for 36.6% and incompletely removes caries in 19 cases accounting for 63.4%. While the carbide bur completely removed caries in 28 cases accounting for 93.3% and incompletely remove caries in 2 cases accounting for 6.7%. Caries removal time ranged between 192 seconds to 380 seconds for smart bur II, while caries removal time ranged between 198seconds to 361 seconds for carbide bur (control group). The mean ± SD caries removal time was 271.16± 26.78 for Smart bur II and 235.16± 27.37 for carbide bur. The results of both caries efficiency and caries removal time were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.05 respectively. Conclusions: The smart bur ΙΙ had significantly lower caries removal efficiency when compared to conventional carbide bur. The smart bur ΙΙ required significantly longer caries removal time when compared to conventional carbide bur.

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