In the study, experimental and theoretical studies were carried out to assess the influence of the shapes of dents in the tank wall on the stress-strain state of the defect zone. By testing fragments of a cylindrical tank, it was found that the most appropriate expression is (5), which could take into account the leaching of the tank wall, resulting in a decrease in the stress concentration index. At the same time, during theoretical studies in this paper, it was found that polynomials determined the stress concentration coefficient, where the obtained analytical expression data were compared with the data determined numerically in the ANSYS program, and it was found that the spread was from 2% to 10%. According to the results of a numerical study of the stress-strain state of the dent zone in the tank wall, graphical dependences of the stress concentration coefficient on the dimensionless depth of the dent for various values of the dimensionless radius of the dents and do not exceed 2% of the indicators that are obtained. At the conclusion of the experimental and numerical studies, a conclusion was made about the degree of influence of the geometric dimensions of the dents on the stress concentration index.
The objects of research are the designs and manufacturing technologies of a combined fiber-optic sensor. It is used in extreme operating conditions. The essence of the task is to study the constructive and technological compatibility of optical and micromechanical principles of simultaneous measurement of several heterogeneous physical quantities. In this regard, the chosen modular conversion principle solves the problem of combined conversion. The developed design and technology of the electro-adhesive connection make it possible to significantly reduce the internal mechanical stresses in the sensor and thereby increase the stability of the combined sensors in extreme operating conditions. Analytical models linking the magnitude and orientation of internal mechanical stresses with the characteristics of temporary stability for complex structures, as a rule, are absent. In practice, the obtained research results can be applied to combined pressure and temperature sensors, pressure and vibration, etc.
The object of the study is the design, manufacturing technology and methods of stabilizing the electrophysical characteristics of measuring transducers. The problem solved in the research is the creation of methods and design and technological solutions to ensure stability used in the development and manufacture of measuring transducers. As a result of the conducted research, designs and technologies for manufacturing and stabilizing the electrophysical characteristics of measuring transducers were developed. The features of the developed designs of measuring transducers are increased in comparison with the known time stability with a basic error of no more than 0.1 %/year. Technologies for stabilizing the parameters of measuring transducers, in contrast to the known ones, differ in their versatility, since most elastic elements that perceive mechanical magnitude are membranes and beams, on which thermocompensating films are easily applied. The stabilization of the parameters of the entire measuring transducer, unlike the known ones, is carried out after the removal of internal mechanical stresses of each element and part of the measuring transducer through the integrated use of current and vibration dynamic loads. Thus, the use of complex compensation due to the application of a new method of compensation of internal mechanical stresses in the structure, based on the use of multilayer film compositions formed on sensitive elements, followed by thermal and vibration stabilization of measuring transducers. In addition, reducing the measurement error and increasing the time and parametric stability of the measuring transducers is achieved through the use of specialized heat treatment modes, training resonant vibration and current loads. When developing structures and stabilization methods, previously developed engineering mathematical models were used, including constructive, informational, dimensional, technological and circuit engineering. At the same time, depending on the adopted design and the technology used, engineering models were modified by including known coefficients and dependencies. This method has significantly reduced the cost and complexity of development
Запропоновано методику аналізу довговічності несучих валів ексцентрикових механізмів на основі скінченно-елементного моделювання. При проведенні аналізу досліджується усталений рух механізму. Аналіз довговічності базується на моделі адитивного накопичення пошкоджень. Оцінка напружень у валу проводиться на базі скінченно-елементного моделювання функціонування механізму в усталеному режимі на робочих частотах, які є найближчими до критичних. Після виявлення концентраторів напружень та найнапруженіших ділянок валу проводиться аналіз характерного циклу навантаження. Після зведення циклу навантаження до низки симетричних циклів проводиться оцінка пошкодження валу на кожному циклі та його ресурсу. На базі запропонованого методу проведено аналіз довговічності несучого валу центробіжно-гіраційного рудного млину кулісного типу. На базі механічної моделі з метою підвищення ефективності та швидкодії скінченно-елементного розрахунку побудовано спрощену розрахункову модель. Запропоновано модель руху руди в помольних камерах при усталеному режимі руху. Побудовано діаграми Кемпбела коливань системи та виявлено, що механізм млину не входить до резонансу з робочою частотою збудження. Виявлено ділянку концентрації механічних напружень та ділянку максимальних механічних напружень у валу млину. Проведено аналіз умов функціонування валу та обчислено значення межи витривалості матеріалу валу в зоні найбільших напружень. Побудовано характерний цикл навантаження валу млина при усталеному режимі роботи, який складається з 16 ділянок. Кожну ділянку зведено до симетричного циклу, що дозволило обчислити пошкодження валу на кожній ділянці циклу та на всьому циклі навантаження в цілому. Застосування методики адитивного накопичення пошкоджень дозволило оцінити ресурс валу млина. Запропоновану методику оцінки довговічності несучого валу може бути використано для аналізу ресурсу різноманітних гірничопереробних механізмів, обладнання легкої промисловості та віброгенераторів Ключові слова: ексцентриковий механізм, багатоциклова втома, скінченно-елементний аналіз, динамічні навантаження, діаграма Кемпбела
Abstract. One of the most important characteristics of construction behavior is physical nonlinearity which appears in the course of deformation between strain and deformations. Its account complicates algorithm; therefore, many modern construction calculations are spent in an elastic stage that lead to the overestimated results, not corresponding to real work of the construction. In this connection, it is necessary to develop such models of construction, which fully enough and unequivocally confirm to investigated objects and processes of their deformation.
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