Background: Vascular dementia is extremely common and contributes to stroke-associated morbidity and mortality. The study of vascular dementia may help to plan preventive interventions.Aims: To study the frequency of cognitive impairment after stroke in a series of consecutive patients with acute stroke, along with factors which influence it.Methods: Fifty adults with acute infarct or hemorrhage (as seen on computed tomography of the brain) were included in the study. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel’s Index scores were done. Cognitive testing was done by PGI Battery of Brain Dysfunction (PGI-BBD) and Short Form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (SIQCODE). Statistical analysis was by Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test.Results: Mean age of patients was 61.82 years; males and ischemic strokes predominated. Dementia was seen in 30%, cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) in 42%, and normal cognition in 28% patients. Factors associated with vascular cognitive impairment included old age, male sex, low education, hemorrhages, recurrent or severe stroke, silent infarcts, severe cortical atrophy, and left hemispheric or subcortical involvement.Conclusions: Up to 72% of patients have some form of cognitive impairment after a stroke. Secondary stroke prevention could reduce the incidence of vascular dementia.

By definition, a brain abscess is an intraparenchymal collection of pus. Nocardia shows to have a special tropism for the neural tissue. Solitary abscess represents the most common manifestation in the central nervous system, accounting for 1%–2% of all cerebral abscesses. In this report, we present a case of primary multiple brain abscesses due to Nocardia farcinica in an immune competent patient. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention is significant for the patient.

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Various case reports of ODS have been published from time to time with few case series out of which the largest being studied is the one in 58 patients. 5 [ 1 9 _ T D $ D I F F ] Though [ 2 0 _ T D $ D I F F ] the exact incidence of ODS is a p o l l o m e d i c i n e 1 3 ( 2 0 1 6 ) 2 2 0 -2 2 3 a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:

Lateral medullary syndrome (LMS), known as Wallenberg's syndrome and posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, is a rare cause of stroke. It often results from thrombosis or emboli of the vertebral artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The triad of Horner's syndrome, ipsilateral ataxia, and ipsilateral hyperalgesia clinically identify patients with LMS. We report a case of a 62-year-old diabetic, hypertensive male who presented with symptoms involving the left lateral dorsal medulla along with partial Horner's syndrome, left lateral rectus palsy, and left lower motor neuron–type facial palsy. Atypical presentation in LMS could be explained by infraction of left facial colliculus in addition to the left lateral medulla. Association of these entities with Wallenberg's syndrome is atypical features in our case, which questioned the diagnosis of a simple LMS.