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The high-P content in convert slag limits its recycling in the steelmaking process. The P could be removed out of the slag as gas when the convert slag is reduced by reductants, such as carbon.Through the experiments and thermodynamic calculations, one of the main dephosphorization products is determined to be P 2 as the converter slag being reduced by C. In the experiments, the reduction driving force of P 2 O 5 is greater than that of FeO; while the actual Gibbs free energy of P 2 O 5 is lower than that of FeO at a high temperature in the atmosphere of flowing N 2 . The dephosphorization of converter slag conforms to the interface chemical reaction model, and a model was established to describe the dephosphorization process in this study. The results indicate the apparent activation energy of the dephosphorization reaction is 165.78 kJ mol −1 and the dephosphorization reaction is controlled by the mass transfer of reactants in the slag.

It has been a challenge to improve the toughness of intermetallic compound at low and medium temperatures for developing wear resistance materials. The refractory metals, with a high melting point, strong atomic bonds, high ductility and toughness, are ideal toughening phases for intermetallic composites. This paper presents a novel composite having the microstructure of ductile Mo primary dendrites, binary intermetallic compound NiMo and ternary metallic silicide Mo 2 Ni 3 Si. The composite exhibits outstanding wear resistance and pretty low wear-load coef cient at ambient temperature, which are attributed to the contribution of refractory metal Mo to toughness of intermetallic matrix, in addition to the high strength and hardness of binary NiMo and ternary Mo 2 Ni 3 Si intermetallic phases. The wear mechanism analyzed by examining the worn surface and debris morphologies is in terms of soft abrasive wear.

Wet‐assembly hybrid bonded/bolted (WHBB) joint is a kind of sealing fastener that contains sealant both in bolt‐hole clearance and between CFRP laminates, which is increasingly applied in composite aircraft fuel tanks. As the guarantee of tensile strength and sealing performance, the thickness and interface characteristics of bolt‐hole sealant layer are investigated by a newly developed comprehensive evaluation method in this paper. The results indicate that the tensile strength of WHBB joint is positively correlated with the bolt‐hole clearance. As for the sealing property of WHBB joints, the leakage rates of WHBB joints with bolt‐hole adhesive layer (0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 mm) is three orders of magnitude less than that of joints with 0 mm adhesive layer. Moreover, the rising slope of leakage rates of the WHBB joints decreases with the increase of bolt‐hole clearance under tensile fatigue loads, which means the WHBB joint with higher bolt‐hole clearance shows better tensile fatigue resistance. The micro‐morphology of bolt‐hole interface indicates that the sealing property of WHBB joints is increased significantly due to the effectively enhanced interface behavior.