Background: Screening-based and risk-based strategies are the 2 strategies for preventing group B streptococcus (GBS) diseases in neonates. We aimed to compare the effects of these 2 strategies in reducing the incidence of early-onset GBS sepsis (GBS-EOS) and their effects on the incidence of non-GBS sepsis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for the period from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2018. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that compared the effects of risk-based and screening-based strategies were eligible for the meta-analysis. The I 2 statistic was used for assessing the statistical heterogeneity across studies. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model. Results: There were 18 cohort studies comparing the incidence of GBS-EOS between the 2 strategies, involving a total of 604,869 newborns and 791 GBS-EOS cases. The heterogeneity across studies was moderate (I 2 = 45%), and the pooled analysis yielded a 55% decreased risk of GBS-EOS for screening-based versus risk-based strategy (RR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.34–0.59). For total early onset non-GBS sepsis (non-GBS-EOS), 7 studies with low heterogeneity (I 2 = 18%) had a pooled RR of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.74–1.11), whereas for ampicillin resistant Escherichia coli-EOS, a subgroup of non-GBS-EOS, 3 studies with very low heterogeneity (I 2 = 0%) had a pooled RR of 1.28 (95% CI: 0.74–2.21) for screening-based strategy compared with risk-based strategy. Conclusions: Compared with risk-based strategy, screening-based prophylaxis was associated with a reduced risk of GBS-EOS.

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We performed first-principles total-energy density functional calculations to study the reactions of NO2 and H2S molecules on Ga–Zn–O-terminated ZnGa2O4(111) surfaces. The adsorption reaction and work functions of eight NO2 and H2S adsorption models were examined. The bonding of the nitrogen atom from a single NO2 molecule to the Ga atom of the Ga–Zn–O-terminated ZnGa2O4(111) surfaces exhibited a maximum work function change of +0.97 eV. The bond joining the sulfur atom from a single H2S molecule and the Ga atom of Ga–Zn–O-terminated ZnGa2O4(111) surfaces exhibited a maximum work function change of −1.66 eV. Both results concur with previously reported experimental observations for ZnGa2O4-based gas sensors.

Background Primary neuroendocrine breast carcinomas (NEBCs) are an extremely rare and underrecognized subtype of mammalian carcinoma. The prognostic factors for NEBCs remain controversial. Methods In this multicenter retrospective study, the prognostic factors for patients with primary NEBCs who underwent surgery and had a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma in China and the United States were examined. The endpoints were disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 51 Chinese patients and 98 US patients were included. In the Chinese cohort, tumor grade and Ki‐67 levels were prognostic factors for DFS in univariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.11 [1.67–15.60], p = 0.004; HR = 57.70 [6.36–523.40], p < 0.001, respectively) and multivariate analysis (HR = 100.52 [1.33–7570.21], p = 0.037; HR = 31.47 [1.05–945.82], p = 0.047, respectively). In the US cohort, age was an important prognostic factor for OS in univariate analysis (HR = 1.09 [1.04–1.15], p = 0.001). The random effects model for the combined cohorts revealed age and positive expression of estrogen receptor (ER) as potential prognostic factors for OS (HR = 1.08 [1.01–1.14], p = 0.015; HR = 0.10 [0.02–0.44], p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions Tumor grade and Ki‐67 levels are important prognostic factors for DFS of patients with primary NEBCs. Age and ER status are important prognostic factors for OS of patients with primary NEBCs.

The work function variations of NO2 and H2S molecules on Pd-adsorbed ZnGa2O4(111) were calculated using first-principle calculations. For the bonding of a nitrogen atom from a single NO2 molecule to a Pd atom, the maximum work function change was +1.37 eV, and for the bonding of two NO2 molecules to a Pd atom, the maximum work function change was +2.37 eV. For H2S adsorption, the maximum work function change was reduced from −0.90 eV to −1.82 eV for bonding sulfur atoms from a single and two H2S molecules to a Pd atom, respectively. Thus, for both NO2 and H2S, the work function change increased with an increase in gas concentration, showing that Pd-decorated ZnGa2O4(111) is a suitable material in NO2/H2S gas detectors.