BaCKgRoUND aND aIMS: NASH is becoming a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Salidroside (phydroxyphenethylβ-D-glucoside; SAL) has various biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, -oxidant, and -cancer activities. However, the therapeutic effect and underlying molecular mechanism of SAL in NASH remain to be further clarified. MetHoDS aND ReSUltS:In this study, we found that SAL alleviated lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in primary hepatocytes after palmitic acid/oleic acid (PO) stimulation. In addition, SAL effectively prevented high-fat/ high-cholesterol (HFHC)-diet-induced NASH progression by regulating glucose metabolism dysregulation, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Mechanistically, integrated RNA-sequencing and bioinformatic analysis showed that SAL promoted AMPK-signaling pathway activation in vitro and in vivo, and this finding was further verified by determining the phosphorylation levels of AMPK. Furthermore, the protective effects of SAL on lipid accumulation and inflammation in hepatocytes and livers induced by PO or HFHC stimulation were blocked by AMPK interruption. CoNClUSIoNS:Our studies demonstrate that SAL protects against metabolic-stress-induced NASH progression through activation of AMPK signaling, indicating that SAL could be a potential drug component for NASH therapy.

This study aimed to assess the impact of seasonal thermal stress on oxidative stress, immune response, and stress hormones of lactating dairy cows in subtropical regions with different levels of temperature-humidity index (THI). A total of 32 healthy lactating Holstein dairy cows experienced 4 seasons (8 cows/season). The physiological parameters were categorized into low THI (LTHI, THI = 42.97 ± 0.95) in winter, moderate THI (MTHI, THI = 61.84 ± 0.42) in spring and autumn, and high THI period (HTHI, THI = 86.09 ± 0.23) in summer. The blood samples were collected twice in each season to measure oxidative stress, inflammatory and hormonal parameters. Our results showed THI had a positive correlation with the rectal temperature ( R 2 = 0.821, P < 0.001) and respiratory rate ( R 2 = 0.816, P < 0.001). Dry matter intake, milk yield and fat percentage also significantly differed among groups ( P < 0.05). Compared with the MTHI group, the LTHI group exhibited a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level ( P < 0.001), and the HTHI group displayed a significant increase in levels of cortisol, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α ( P < 0.001). Opposite changes in serum endotoxin and immunoglobulin G levels were observed with the increasing THI ( P < 0.001). LTHI notably increased the triiodothyronine level, although the thyroxine level was reduced by LTHI and HTHI compared with the MTHI group. In conclusion, LTHI and HTHI conditions may induce different degrees of oxidative stress, inflammation response, and stress hormone imbalances on lactating dairy cows, therefore environmental management is necessary for the health of dairy cows in extreme weather conditions.

Bedding materials directly contact hooves of dairy cows and they may serve as environmental sources of lameness-associated pathogen. However, the specific composition of bacteria hidden in bedding materials is still not clear. The aim of this study was to detect the bedding material and its bacterial composition on lameness of Holstein heifers. Methods: Forty-eight Holstein heifers with similar body weights were randomly assigned into three groups including sand bedding (SB), concrete floor (CF), and compost bedding (CB). Hock injuries severity and gait performance of dairy cows were scored individually once a week. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment and bedding material samples were collected once a week for Illumina sequencing. Results: The CF increased visible hock injuries severity and serum biomarkers of joint damage in comparison to SB and CB groups. Besides, Illumina sequencing and analysis showed that the bacterial community of CB samples had higher similarity to that of SB samples than CF samples. Bacteria in three bedding materials were dominated by gastrointestinal bacteria and organic matter-degrading bacteria, such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and norank JG30-KF-cM45. Lameness-associated Spirochaetaceae and Treponeme were only detected in SB and CB samples with a very low relative abundance (0~0.08%).

This study was conducted to evaluate phosphorus (P) equivalency of phytase with various evaluation indicators of ducks in starter (0–14 days). Three hundred and twenty 1‐day‐old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to eight groups. The dietary treatments were four levels of available phosphorus (aP) with 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.39%, and 0.46% (treatments I–IV) and four levels of phytase added to low‐aP basal diet (treatment I) with 300, 600, 900, and 1200 units (U) per kg (treatments V–VIII). The results were that compared to treatment I, increasing aP and supplementary phytase significantly (p < 0.05) improved body weight (BW), BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), live BW, carcass weight, semieviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, leg muscle weight, and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR). Treatments V and VI did not significantly increase tibia ash, tibia calcium, and tibia P of 14‐day‐old ducks (p > 0.05). Following the increase of aP level (treatments I–IV), apparent utilization of Ca and P of ducks increased with varying degrees. With the increase of dietary phytase level (treatments V–VIII), the apparent utilization of Ca and P showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) but an increasing trend. Serum P reached the highest level when adding 600 U/kg phytase (treatment VI). Serum Ca and serum alkaline phosphatase activity showed no significant difference among treatments V–VIII (p > 0.05). Based on corn–soybean–rapeseed meal diet, with the evaluation indexes of FI, BWG, tibia ash, tibia Ca, tibia P, and apparent utilization of Ca and P, the addition of 500 U/kg phytase could release aP of 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.08%, and 0.07%, respectively. On the same way, the addition of 1000 U/kg phytase could release aP of 0.07%, 0.09%, 0.06%, 0.02%, 0.07%, 0.09%, and 0.09%, respectively.

Based on CiteSpace, 955 journal literature related to variable oxygen concentration combustion research collected in the web of Science (WOS) core database were analyzed visually. The results show that: 1 Literature publication trends. According to the total number of published literature, it can be divided into three stages: initial development, steady development, and rapid development. 2. Analysis of the author’s co-occurrence map. The author’s cooperation network in this field is obvious, but the overall cooperation network presents a “core-edge” structure, and the cooperation of academic teams is scattered. 3. Research hotspots, the related research mainly focused on the combustion characteristics of polymer synthetic materials, and chemical cycle combustion related to the field of energy and power engineering. 4. Research on the frontier trend. At present, “mechanical property” and “Nanoparticles” are the keywords representing the latest frontier trend in this field.