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Bipolar plates possessing both high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength has been urgently required for redox flow batteries and fuel cells. Contrary to the conventional method of increasing carbon content to maximize the bipolar plate's electrical conductivity, a novel low-carbon-content design based on the bridging effect of graphene is developed. The microstructure, electrical conductivity, flexural strength, vanadium permeability, corrosion current density and its perform-ance in vanadium redox flow battery single cell have been investigated. The low-carbon-content bipolar plates present both high electrical conductivity and flexural strength. Low area specific resistance of 3.3 mΩ cm 2 is reached at 18.7 wt.% carbon content, and flexural strength of 48.1 MPa can be obtained after being reinforced by carbon fibers. The voltage efficiency and energy efficiency of the single cell reach as high as 88.6% and 85.7%, respectively, at 100 mA cm À 2 .Keywords: bridging effect · composite bipolar plates · high performance · low-carbon-content · vanadium redox flow battery.

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote cancer stem cell (CSC)‐mediated chemoresistance and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, direct depletion of CAFs may increase cancer invasiveness and metastasis. As a generalized strategy against chemoresistant cancers, Gemini‐like homotypic targeting nanoparticles (NPs) are designed for two‐pronged CAF transformation and cancer cell elimination. The CAF‐targeted NPs couple vitamin B3 metabolic reprogramming to epigenetic modulation of secreted pro‐stemness and immunosuppressive factors, thereby diminishing CSC and suppressive immune cell populations to enhance cancer cell drug susceptibility and cytotoxic T cell infiltration. In mouse models of breast, liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancers that are resistant to their respective first‐line chemotherapeutics, a single dose of hydrogel co‐delivering the Gemini‐like NPs can rehabilitate chemosensitivity, induce immune activation, and achieve tumor regression. Moreover, it stimulates robust T cell memory for long‐term protection against tumor rechallenge. This study thus represents an innovative approach with broad applicability for overcoming cancer chemoresistance.

Effects of highly hygroscopic sorbitol, citric acid, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, on the hydrolysis of simvastatin in tablets at 25°/90% RH were studied. The simvastatin tablets were prepared by direct powder compression. Simvastatin and its hydrolyte, simvastatin acid, were quantitatively analysed by high performance liquid chromotography. The hygroscopicity, water swelling ratio, water solubility and pH of the four hygroscopic excipients were investigated. During the investigation period, the weight gain of sorbitol or citric acid increased faster than that of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at 25°/90% RH, accordingly, the moisture sorption of the tablets containing citric acid or sorbitol (T-3 or T-6) were more than that of the tablets containing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (T-4 or T-5). The increase of simvastatin acid content with time at 25°/90% RH for the tablets was in the following order: T-6 < T-4 < T-3 < T-5. The effects of the four excipients on the hydrolysis of simvastatin in tablet were related to not only their hygroscopicity but also their other properties, such as moisture retention capacity and pH. Sorbitol as hygroscopic excipient in tablet can most effectively prevent the hydrolysis of simvastatin in tablet.

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