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The International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) has proposed standardized recommendations for recording human joint motion. The Euler angles—the orientation representation currently proposed by the ISB—have two drawbacks, namely, the issue of singularities (gimbal lock) and the difficulty to obtain clinical and interpretable orientation representation for compound movements. The orientation representation of the shoulder joint with the Euler angles is particularly challenging due to its broad range of motion. This paper proposes and evaluates an alternative orientation representation for shoulder movement based on the tilt-and-torsion representation, a method that aims at providing a more clinically interpretable solution for describing joint movements compared to the standard Euler angles. Three studies were performed to compare the different orientation representation methods. The first two studies consist in simulations of arm elevation in different planes. The third study is an experiment using inertial-measurement-units with one test subject performing shoulder elevation movements in different planes. The tilt-and-torsion representation is then compared with different Euler angle conventions. The results show that Euler angles are biased or clinically uninterpretable for compound movements. Conversely, tilt-and-torsion representation does not suffer from these limitations. Although not extensive, the experiments suggest that the tilt-and-torsion representation has the potential to better represent human movements and provide more clinically interpretable results than the Euler angles.

Robotic assistive devices enhance the autonomy of individuals living with physical disabilities in their day-to-day life. Although the first priority for such devices is safety, they must also be intuitive and efficient from an engineering point of view in order to be adopted by a broad range of users. This is especially true for assistive robotic arms, as they are used for the complex control tasks of daily living. One challenge in the control of such assistive robots is the management of the end-effector orientation which is not always intuitive for the human operator, especially for neophytes. This paper presents a novel orientation control algorithm designed for robotic arms in the context of human-robot interaction. This work aims at making the control of the robot's orientation easier and more intuitive for the user, in particular, individuals living with upper limb disabilities. The performance and intuitiveness of the proposed orientation control algorithm is assessed through two experiments with 25 able-bodied subjects and shown to significantly improve on both aspects.

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This paper shows an experimental validation for the design of a three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) cable-suspended parallel robot, which has six cables attached to the end-effector, arranged in three pairs, with each pair being driven by a single motor. For each pair, the moving platform attachment points and the winch cable guides on the fixed frame form a parallelogram, an arrangement that allows the end-effector to be positioned throughout its static workspace (SW) while maintaining a constant orientation. In this paper, the kinematic modeling of the robot is first described, along with its SW. Then, the robot's kinematic sensitivity is assessed in position and orientation such that an upper bound is found for the amplification of the cable positioning errors in Cartesian space. Finally, experimental results obtained using a proof-of-concept mechanism are described, which confirm the claim that the proposed design maintains a constant platform orientation in the SW.