Professional caregivers are prone to experience burnout. Burnout is a condition of physical, emotional, and mental fatigue caused by prolonged stress due to work negatively impacts work performance and well-being of professional caregivers. The present study aims to explore the effectiveness of group intervention using Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in reducing burnout and enhancing psychological well-being of professional caregivers in a nursing home. Five caregivers (four males and one female) participated in four intervention sessions and a follow-up session. Maslach Burnout Inventory and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale was used to measure burnout and psychological well-being, respectively. Qualitative data were also obtained through interviews at the end of the intervention. Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test indicated that MBSR was not significantly effective in reducing burnout and enhancing psychological well-being. However, a trend of positive improvement was observed, indicating the potential benefits of MBSR for reducing burnout in professional caregivers. Limitations of this study are explained in the discussion section.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention is proven to reduce distress and improve the well-being of individuals, including caregivers. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of MBSR in reducing stress levels in informal caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients. The research method was a single-subject pretest-posttest design, which was applied to four participants individually. Four quantitative measures (Perceived Stress Scale-10, Subjective Units of Distress (SUD), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and a test for knowledge of schizophrenia) and a qualitative interview were used to assess the effects of MBSR intervention. Quantitative posttest resulted in reduction of scores in three stress measures: PSS score decreased by 8,6%, that of SUD decreased by 33,95%, that of MAAS increased by 24,37%, whereas the score of knowledge on schizophrenia increased by 48,54%. Qualitative results from observation and interview method showed a decrease in stress levels and increase in mindfulness and knowledge of participants about their condition as an informal caregiver of schizophrenia. The participants felt calm and more relaxed in living their lives. They also presented more self-understanding, gratitude, reflective capabilities, empathy, and control over their anger.Keywords: caregiver; Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction; MBSR; schizophrenia; stress IntroductionIn management of schizophrenia patients, family plays an important role as an integral part of the schizophrenia treatment system. Informal schizophrenia caregivers face a different challenge compared with other caregivers. The research by Gupta, S., et al. (2015) stated that schizophrenia caregivers are more prone to encounter difficulties in sleeping, insomnia, pain, headache, heartburn, anxiety, lack of resources in nurturing, and depression (American Psychiatric Association, 2000;Qualls and Zarit, 2004;Kovacs and Fauri, 2003) compared with noncaregivers. Problems from environmental factors may arise from stigma (Irawati, 2002), discrimination, and lack of social support from the surrounding community due to the destructive nature of schizophrenia patients (Agiananda, et al., 2007; Chang, et al., In Rokhmani, CF, 2014). Addition of role as a caregiver in the family will serve as a source of stress psychologically and economically (Clark & Schene, in Schene, Wijngaarden, & Koeter, 1996). Role captivity can also occur; in this condition, family members feel confined to their role as caregivers. This sensation develops when someone feels obligated to do something and when a tension forms between duty and inclination.One of the intervention methods for stress reduction is mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), which was developed in 1979 by Jon Kabat-Zinn. Among the other intervention methods that aim to reduce stress, MBSR focuses more on self-knowing process that help individuals to find comfort in unbearable situations (especially for caregivers). MBSR teaches individuals how to maintain themselves well and live healthier and b...

Stres merupakan salah satu reaksi psikologis yang menyertai mahasiswa selama pandemic COVID-19. Tingkat stres dapat mempengaruhi kesejahteraan psikologis mahasiswa. Terdapat penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang menemukan hubungan antara regulasi emosi dengan stres maupun kesejahteraan psikologis, dimana tingkat stress yang tinggi akan menurunkan kesejahteraan psikologis dan regulasi emosi mampu mengurangi stress serta menjaga kesejahteraan psikologis individu.  Strategi regulasi emosi expressive suppression dan cognitive reappraisal diartikan sebagai cara individu dalam mempengaruhi, merasakan, serta mengekspresikan emosi yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek strategi regulasi emosi expressive suppression dan cognitive reappraisal sebagai moderator antara stres dan kesejahteraan psikologis. Sebanyak 119 mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia 2020 terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Stres diukur menggunakan Perceived Stres Scale-10 for COVID-19 (PSS-10-C); regulasi emosi diukur menggunakan Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ); dan kesejahteraan psikologis diukur menggunakan Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being (RPWB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) stres dapat menjadi prediktor kesejahteraan psikologis secara signifikan; (2) strategi regulasi emosi expressive suppression signifikan dalam memperkuat hubungan negatif antara stres dan kesejahteraan psikologis; (3) strategi regulasi emosi cognitive reappraisal signifikan dalam memperlemah hubungan negatif antara stres dan kesejahteraan psikologis.

This paper discusses how empowerment can be triggered by mystical experiences, by focusing on mystical experience of the first revelation of Islam to Muhammad PBUH. Only few literature on empowerment in mainstream psychology, specifically discuss how empowerment can be achieved through personal mystical or spiritual experiences. Transpersonal studies give explanations of human mystical experiences and extra sensory perceptions. Chronological analysis of the first revelation showed how the mystical experience empowered Muhammad. First, mystical experience is empowerment. Second, mystical experiences can become an effective and an efficient trigger for empowerment in daily life if understood correctly; and affirmed with social support. Third, spiritual awakening can unfold into intrapersonal, interpersonal and behavioral empowerment if the person contemplates about the experience, and implement it to benefit others.

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