A presente revisão objetivou descrever um histórico da busca de fármacos para tratamento da Tripanossomíase Americana, e sua situação atual. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através de revisão bibliográfica do tipo exploratória, retrospectiva e descritiva baseada em livros e pesquisa de artigos em base de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e National Institute of Health (PUBMED), utilizando os descritores: Tripanossomíase Americana, tratamento e perspectivas. Já se passaram mais de 100 anos da descoberta da doença de Chagas, e até hoje não foi desenvolvido nenhum fármaco com potencial satisfatório de cura. O medicamento ainda utilizado é o benzonidazol, utilizado em combinação com outros medicamentos. Entre os quimioterápicos o Posaconazol, é o mais forte candidato para novos tratamentos específicos da doença e, entre os fitoterápicos, citamse as espécies Banisteriopsis caapi e Psychotria viridis, utilizadas na região amazônica como alternativa.

Introduction: This paper reports, for the first time, the presence of the Eratyrus mucronatus species in the State of Rondonia, Brazil. Methods: These specimens were caught by chance in the forest and later they were collected using luminous traps. Results: After finding these specimens, the number of the Triatominae genera in Rondonia rose to four, while its species rose to seven. Conclusions: Complimentary studies will be conducted in order to allow for clearer understanding the ecology of this arthropod, its possible role in transmitting Chagas' disease and its current geographical distribution.

In health sciences, the epidemiological method can be divided into descriptive and analytical epidemiology and the latter being divided into observational (cross-sectional study, case-control study and cohort study) and experimental studies. Cohort studies may be retrospective or prospective, and both assume that the researcher will follow a population over time to seek a possible association between exposure (s) and outcome(s). These types of studies have as advantages the possibility of measuring several exposure factors and outcomes, both primary and secondary, for both relatively frequent outcomes and rare exposure factors. However, they are often long and therefore expensive studies. They have as main biases those of selection, memory and information. These are studies that may point to statistical associations between exposure and outcome that need other models to prove the casualty of these associations.

Rhodnius montenegrensis was described in 2012. Since then, reports of the occurrence of this species associated with palm trees near households in Rondônia have been published. This study aimed to analyze the natural infection of R. montenegrensis with trypanosomatids in the municipality of Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazilian western Amazon. Capture of triatomines occurred in Attalea speciosa (babassu) specimens around households. Twelve of the 72 captured triatomines were identified by morphological and morphometric characters, by molecular analysis made using the PCR, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. The intestinal content was collected from 60 of these 72 specimens. The positivity for trypanosomatids was confirmed by examining the intestinal content followed by PCR amplification of the cathepsin L-like gene specific for Trypanosoma cruzi (PCR-DTcrCatL) and Trypanosoma rangeli (PCR-DTraCatL). Of the 60 specimens analyzed by microscopy, 22 (36.7%) were positive for trypanosomatids in the intestinal content analysis. Of these 22 specimens of R. montenegrensis, 16 (72.7%) were infected with T. cruzi, 2 (9.1%) were infected with T. rangeli, 2 (9.1%) had mixed infection with T. cruzi and T. rangeli, and 2 were negative (9.1%). These data suggest the need for attention of the health surveillance system of Chagas disease in the State of Rondônia, as this study points out to another potential vector of the disease.

Introduction: This paper reports, for the fi rst time, the presence of Rhodnius montenegrensis in the State of Acre, Brazil. Methods: Two female R. montenegrensis were collected in a dwelling in the rural area of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Results: The occurrence of this species was confi rmed, and the number of Triatominae species in the State of Acre increased from four to fi ve. Conclusions: Further studies should be performed to reach a clearer understanding of the ecology of this arthropod, its possible role in transmitting Chagas' disease and rangeliosis, and its current geographical distribution in the region.