The yield of agriculture crops tends to be decreasing in many parts of world including in Indonesian farmers’ land.  One of the causes of the decreased yields is the reduction of organic matter in the soil. Peanut is one of the important crops in southeast Sulawesi and is usually intercropped with maize. However, the yield of peanut and maize crops were low as they were grown in marginal lands that have low nutrient contents, low CEC, high acidity, and low organic matter. The objectives of this paper were to summarize the results of our studies on the use of bio fertilizer bokashi plus fertilizer to improve peanut yields grown in marginal soil in southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study also examined the agronomical performance of several local peanut varieties which had high adaptability to the local conditions and marginal lands. The results of this study demonstrated that application of mulch and bokashi increased maize and peanut production, seed dry weight and 100-seed weight. This practice has potentials to be applied in other agricultural lands of southeast Sulawesi region with similar soil and climatic condition to increase peanut yield, and promote the sustainable agriculture production of the region.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis, struktur dan indeks keanekaragaman tanaman  serta pola pemanfaatan untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan  di kecamatan Wakorumba Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuadrat. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif adalah struktur vegetasi yang meliputi densitas, densitas relatif, frekuensi, frekuensi relatif, dominansi, dominansi relatif, nilai penting dan indeks keanekaragaman sedangkan data yang dianalisis secara kualitatif meliputi deskriptif komposisi tanaman dan pola pemanfaatan tanaman dilahan pekarangan untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi jenis tanaman yang terdapat di lahan pekarangan  kecamatan Wakorumba Selatan diperoleh sebanyak 25 famili dari  44 jenis tanaman, dimana 22 jenis tanaman tahunan dan 22 jenis tanaman musiman. Untuk struktur vegetasi tanaman yang diusahakan pada lahan pekarangan di kecamatan Wakorumba Selatan ditinjau dari segi nilai penting tertinggi untuk tingkat pohon ditunjukkan oleh spesies Cocos nucifera yaitu 201,85 % terdapat pada desa Wambona sedangkan nilai terendah ditunjukkan oleh spesies Eugenia aquea Burm. F, yaitu 5,54 % terdapat pada desa Wakorumba. Untuk tingkat tihang nilai tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh spesies Theobroma cacao L. yaitu 125,55 % sedangkan nilai terendah yaitu spesies Syzygium malacensis dengan nilai 7,12 % terdapat pada desa Wambona. Tingkat sapihan nilai tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh spesies Carica papaya L. yaitu 103,59 % terdapat pada desa Bakealu sedangkan nilai terendah  spesies Tamarindus indica L. dengan nilai 3,38 % terdapat pada desa Wakorumba. Untuk tingkat semai nilai tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh spesies Cocos nucifera 83,33 % terdapat pada desa Bakealu sedangkan nilai terendah ditunjukkan oleh spesies Nephelium lappaceum yaitu 5,85 % terdapat pada desa Wakorumba. Indeks keanekaragaman tanaman didesa Wakorumba, Pure, Bakealu, Wambona dan kelurahan Labunia tergolong sedang, terkecuali pada tingkat sapihan desa Bakealu tergolong rendah. Pola pemanfaatan tanaman yang diusahakan pada lahan pekarangan oleh penduduk di kecamatan Wakorumba Selatan yaitu sebagai sumber karbohidrat (18,18 %), sebagai sumber protein (11,36 %), sumber vitamin (45,45 %), sumber mineral (22,73 %) dan pemanfaatan sebagai sumber lemak (2,27 %).Kata kunci:   Komposisi Tanaman Pekarangan, Struktur Vegetasi, Indeks   Keanekaragaman, Pola Pemanfaatan

No abstract

In crop production, phosphorus (P) is the second most important limiting nutrient. However, due to precipitation reactions with Al3+, Fe3+ in acidic soil, or Ca2+ in alkaline soil, its availability in soil is severely limited. Microbes have recently been proposed as a means of increasing the bioavailability of soil phosphate for plants. The goal of this research was to isolate and identify phosphate solubilizing molds (PSM) from various plant rhizospheres, including gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst), maize (Zea mays L.), bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper), pineapple (Ananas comosus L.), and banana (Ananas indica L.). PSM was isolated in vitro and then diluted using the dilution plate technique with Pikovskaya’s solid medium. Five colonies were confirmed as PSM, namely Talaromyces aculeatus, Metarhizium anisopliae, Fusarium proliferatum, Mucor hiemalis, and Aspergillus niger, out of fourteen colonies formed from those rhizospheres. In the PVK solid medium, these isolates were capable of solubilizing insoluble P with a solubility range of 2.05 to 3.03. Talaromyces aculeatus (125.6 mg L-1), Metarhizium anisopliae (80.76 mg L-1) and Fusarium proliferatum (41.59 mg L-1) were the best P solubilizers, followed by Mucor hiemalis (9.51 mg L-1), and Aspergillus niger (7.85 mg L-1), respectively. The bioinoculants Talaromyces aculeatus and Metarhizium anisopliae had the most potential. Keywords: Dendrocalamus asper, Molds, Phosphate, Rhizosphere, Solubilizer

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L), a species belonging to the family Anacardiaceae, has been cultivated throughout most of Indonesia’s areas and has become a priority commodity in Southeast Sulawesi for years. However, the information about its variation on morphology and relationship among individuals are still limited. This study aimed to determine the morphological variations and relationships among cashew individuals in three districts (Konawe, South Konawe, and East Kolaka) of Southeast Sulawesi. As many as ninety individuals were analyzed on 15 morphological variables for the variations and 47 variables using the complete linkage method based on Gower distance for the clustering. The coefficients of variation were varied on all evaluated variables. The highest was the height of main branches (cm), ranging from 47.32 % to 73.72 %. Meanwhile, nut length had the lowest coefficient of variation (6.75%-7.99%). The individuals were divided into two main clusters with two sub-clusters for each cluster.