No abstract

Non enzymatic glycation is a chain reaction between reducing sugars and the free amino groups of proteins, involved in severity of diabetes and diabetic complications. Litchi chinensis used as consumed fruit and as a drug to treat certain diseases. In this study the antioxidative effects of L.chinensis and also its effect against protein oxidation and advanced glycation end products. The antioxidant potential of aqueous fruit pericarp extract of L.chinensis (APLC) was evaluated in vitro using a model of fructose-mediated protein glycation. The antioxidant activity of APLC conducted for superoxide, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide radical scavenging activities and also demonstrated antioxidant activity with Fe+2 chelating activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were applied. Fructose (100mM) increased fluorescence intensity of glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) in terms of total AGEs during 21 days of exposure. Moreover, fructose caused more protein carbonyl (PCO) formation in native BSA. The APLC prevents oxidative protein damages including effect on PCO formation which are believed to form under the glycoxidation process. The APLC at different concentrations (25-250µg/ml) has significantly decreased the formation of AGEs in term of the fluorescence intensity of glycated BSA.

The main objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate polyherbal tablet for the treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). For the formulation of tablet, the herbs were selected based on the concepts of pathophysiology and Ayurvedic perspective of the disease. The extracts of <em>T. foenum graceum, C. longa, B. aristata, S. asoka, B. variegata</em> and Guggul purified in cow’s urine was used for the preparation of polyherbal tablet. The physicochemical, phytochemical evaluation and quantification of markers by HPTLC of crude drugs and extracts were performed. The guggul was used as binder in different proportion for the preparation of tablet. Pre-formulation study of the powder blend and post compression evaluation of tablet was done by various parameters like weight variation, friability, hardness, thickness, diameter, disintegration time, in-vitro dissolution and accelerated stability study. The physicochemical evaluations of crude drugs yielded results which were in accordance with the monograph’s standard values. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of variety of phytoconstituents. From the results of HPTLC quantification the amount of curcumin (7.14%) in <em>C. longa</em>, diosgenin (40.6%) in <em>T. foenum graceum ,T. foenum graceum</em>, berberine hydrochloride (4.83%) in <em>B. aristata</em>, catechin (3.48%) in S. asoka, lupeol (0.11%) in <em>B. variegata</em> and Z-guggulsterone (0.140%) and E-guggulsterone (0.146%) in purified guggul was found. The micrometrics of the powder blend of all the formulations showed good flow properties. Formulation F3 showed better results compared to other formulations in post compression evaluation. Accelerated stability study showed that the formulation F3 was stable during the course of study.

The objective of the current study was to develop a new simple and precise High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for standardization of three biomarkers i.e., berberine, ellagic acid and ferulic acid in Amrtadi churna. Amrtadi churna is mainly used for hyperacidity and contains dried plant parts of Gokshur, Amla and Guduchi. The method was developed and validated using precoated silica gel at 60 F254 as the stationary phase and toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid:methanol (6:6:1.6:0.4, v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase. The detection and quantification were performed at 319 nm and the Rf value obtained was 0.35±2 for berberine, 0.5±2 for ellagic acid and 0.74±2 for ferulic acid. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, precision, specificity, accuracy and robustness.

Background As compared to term neonates, those &lt; 35 weeks gestation (wks GA) are at greater risk for both acute and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE, CBE). Among these with postnatal total bilirubin rate of rise, (TB ROR) at age 0 to 72 hours has been observed because of either loss placental elimination system or increased postnatal production due to hemolysis. The ranges are known to vary &gt; 8.5 umol/L/h in neonates with Rh disease to &gt;3.4 umol/L/h at the 95th percentile track of the hour-specific nomogram. TB ROR in healthy term neonates is &lt;3.4 umol/L/h. Objectives To determine the GA ranges on TB ROR to explore predictive TB ROR in preterm neonates who are more vulnerable with each &lt;35 wks GA. Design/Methods A multi-site observational study to quantify TB ROR in preterm infants between 28 to 35 weeks. 1804 infants born between January 2013- March 2018 at 28–35 wks GA from three canadian perinatal centres were included and those with Rh disease were excluded. Analysis included infants &gt;27 weeks with at least one TB prior to the initiation of treatment for severe hyperbilirubinemia treatment. Feeding patterns, birth history and maternal health conditions were documented. Results The TB ROR were compared by two prematurity GA groups (28–31 weeks and 32–35 weeks) then per individual gestational age in four time periods in hours, 0–24, 24–48, 48–96, and 96 -120 in 1049 preterm infants using 3065 TB samples. Infants &lt;28 weeks GA were excluded since they represented a more diverse population. TB ROR by prematurity groups over all was higher in 32–35 weeks group at 0–12 hours (3.85 umol/L/h) and 25–36 hours (2.81umol/L/h) and decreased at 49–72 hours (0.24umol/L/h) time period as compared to the less mature group. Conclusion Though TB ROR were of similar patterns between prematurity groups (28–31 weeks and 32–35 weeks) it was at higher rate of rise between 13–36 hours and decreasing from 36–72 hours, with a plateau after 72 hours of age. There was a significant difference in the magnitude of TB ROR between prematurity groups at 0–24 hours. Additional research into the clinical care impact on the TB ROR should be conducted to study impact of production and elimination.