Neurobromatosis is an autosomal dominant disorder of neuroectodermal and mesenchymal origin, also known as Von Rechlinghausen disorder. It can also occur inherited or sporadically. A mutation of NF1 gene on chromosome 17q11.2 has been recognized as a disease prompter, and the spectrum of clinical phenotype is wide because of gene complexity, size and diversity of exons. In our article we are presenting a case of neurobromatosis associated with diffuse cystic lung disease.

Introduction: Ring-enhancing lesions is the most common abnormality faced in neuro-imaging. Imaging modalities commonly used to diagnose such lesions are Computed Tomography (CT) and MRI. However, these lesions are considered challenging for the radiologists. Diagnosing ring enhancing lesions by conventional MRI is challenging, especially when neoplastic, non-neoplastic lesions and infections are to be differentiated. Differentiation between tuberculoma and neurocysticercosis is still a problem for radiologist as both look similar on conventional MRI. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may able to clearly differentiate them based on metabolite level. Present study was conducted to study characteristics of various ring enhancing lesions of brain using conventional MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to differentiate neoplastic, infections, inflammatory and vascular lesions Materials and Methods: 50 patients between age 10 to 70 years diagnosed with ring enhancing lesions of brain based on MR studies fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. MRI scan was performed using the MRI GE optima 360-16 channel in all. Single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) used instead of multi-voxel which was placed on the lesion in a way that the maximum area of the lesion, its margin and the normal brain tissue will be covered. Observations and Results: Primary Brain Tumors found in 16 (32%) cases, Metastasis in 22 (44%), Abscess in 8 (16%), Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 2 (4%), Tuberculoma in 1 (2%) & Tumefactive Demyelination in 1 (2%) case. In majority of cases i.e. 38 (76%) size of the lesion was <2 cm. In about 26 (52%) cases number of lesions were 2 to 4 in number. Restriction on diffusion was found in 29 (58%) cases. In majority choline 26 (52%) & lipid 24 (48%) was the metabolite peak found Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) was found a useful tool in the diagnosis of ring enhancing lesions especially in case of delineating lesions with similar presentations such as tuberculoma and neurocysticercosis.

Doppler ultrasonography is the main modality for imaging of hemodialysis AV stula as it is safe and non-invasive. This study is to measure the Arterio-venous (AV) stula blood ow during early postoperative period (0–7days) and assess its role in AV stula failure prediction. Doppler ultrasonography was used to estimate the blood ow in the AV stula of 50 patients at (0–7days) after the stula was made. The blood ow in stula during early postoperative period for stula failure was evaluated, and long term failure was predicted. Method Blood ow rates measured in arteriovenous stula created in upper extremity were measured in rst week and sixth week post-operative. Results After follow up evaluation out of 50 patients, 40 stulas considered to be matured; 10 considered failed. 30% failure were males and 70% were female. In early post operative period, cut off was set at 182 ml/min and the sensitivity of blood ow for prediction of stula failure is 98%, specicity 90 %, PPV 95% and NPV 90%. Conclusion Measurements of the AV stula blood ow in proximal artery and draining vein with its diameter of lumen were noted in the early postoperative period has a role predicting AV stula failure. There is risk of failure if the blood ow less than 182 ml/min (day 0–7).