Purpose:Ophthalmic complications in diabetes such as retinopathy, cataract, and infections have been extensively studied. Recently, attention has been drawn toward ocular surface changes in diabetes mellitus (DM). This study has been carried out to investigate the tear film and ocular surface abnormalities in type II DM patients.Materials and Methods:A total of 83 participants (130 eyes) were enrolled: 53 diabetics (80 eyes) and 30 healthy controls (50 eyes). Of the 53 diabetics, 24 patients (42 eyes) had some diabetic retinopathy. The tear film and ocular surface were evaluated using Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (TBUT), keratoepitheliopathy score (KES), Rose Bengal Staining (RBS) test, and conjunctival impression cytology.Results:When compared with the healthy controls, diabetics showed significantly reduced Schirmer, TBUT measurements and the higher grades of KES and RBS test (P < 0.001). Impression cytology analysis showed goblet cell loss and conjunctival squamous metaplasia in diabetics.Conclusion:Tear film abnormality is a significant feature of diabetic ocular surface diseases. These abnormalities are likely on account of poor quality and function of tears, combined with the subnormal ocular surface. Therefore, all diabetic patients especially those with evidence of retinopathy changes should undergo routine early examination and follow-up of tear function and ocular surface parameters.

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Patients with cancer are known to be at an increased risk for community-acquired respiratory viruses, because of their frequently observed systemic immunosuppressive state caused by the malignancy and anticancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In this study different challenges of radiation oncology department and their infection control practices are given such as Pt screening, temperature monitoring and pt staff education, hygiene and departmental cleaning, zoning,work load management etc.There must be national and departmental measures to be taken in response to covid 19 pandemic.Some of risk adapted triage strategies for radiotherapy patients during covid 19 is discussed further. Comparison between covishield, covaxin and sputnik V covid 19 vaccines and lack of vaccine prioritisation for cancer patients in India have been elaborated.

Rhino-orbitol-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is seen as a common post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) fungal infection in India. It is a lethal, opportunistic infection of the paranasal sinuses and brain caused by fungi of the Mucorales, most commonly with Rhizopus spp. Early diagnosis and timely management are essential. Other studies have shown high mortality up to 25–60%. However, in this study, the recovery rate is very high. We aimed to present six post-COVID mucor cases and to review the literature in terms of prevention, diagnosis, and management of this fatal infection. We carried out a retrospective case series of six patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ROCM presenting to a single tertiary-level hospital during the second wave of covid 19 pandemic. Clinical details for each case was obtained from the hospital information system. A total of six patients (five males and one female) were diagnosed with ROCM during this period. Out of six patients, four had diabetes mellitus and all were on steroid treatment during COVID-19 infection. The most common presenting features were headache (100%), facial pain (80%), orbital swelling (80%), and earache (20%). Most of the patients had sinusitis as a predominant finding in preop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at presentation. All patients received liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) as the first line of treatment and subsequently shifted to posaconazole. The overall recovery rate was 100% and patients were discharged. ROCM infection is very hard to treat. The studies have shown cases with late presentation spreading beyond paranasal sinuses. Early intervention and treatment with antifungals and extensive surgical debridement resulted in the full recovery of all six cases.