Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single Ab+ IT and multiple Ab+ NT. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of Ab+ in twins.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in the US, despite significant improvements in diagnostic imaging and operative modalities. The 5-year survival rate remains less than 6% because of microscopic or gross metastatic disease at time of diagnosis. Although the treatment of pancreatic cancer remains a huge challenge, it is entering a new era with the development of new strategies and trial designs. Because there is an increasing number of novel therapeutic agents and potential combinations available to test in patients with pancreatic cancer, the identification of robust prognostic and predictive markers and of new targets and relevant pathways is a top priority as well as the design of adequate trials incorporating molecular-driven hypothesis. Over the past decade, increasing evidence suggested that stem cells play a crucial role not only in the generation of complex multicellular organisms, but also in the development and progression of malignant diseases. Most tumors have been shown to contain a subset of distinct cancer cells that is responsible for tumor initiation and propagation. These cells are termed cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells and they are highly resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we examined the efficacy of combined treatments of CEP1101 and gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer cells, and pancreatic CSCs (CD133, CD44, CXCR4, SSEA3/4, Oct4, ALDH, Telomerase & Nestin) from the same donors. CEP1101 inhibited the growth of CSCs, while gemcitabine suppressed the viability of non-CSCs. In vivo studies showed that CEP1101 combined with gemcitabine eliminate the engraftment of human pancreatic cancer and CSCs, more effectively than the individual agents. These data demonstrate that administration of CEP1101, which targets CSCs, may constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the efficacy of gemcitabine to eradicate pancreatic cancer. This study shows potential molecular therapeutic targets to eradicate the tumor - and metastasis-initiating cells and their progenies for the evaluation of new effective combination therapies against locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4408. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4408

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Background: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, decreases in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have been observed in adults and children, with isolation, economic disruption, school closures, and health-related anxiety likely contributing. In this study, we evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on self-reported HRQoL of EOS patients and their caregivers using the Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire-24 (EOSQ-24).Methods: Patients with EOS and their caregivers enrolled in the Pediatric Spine Study Group (PSSG) registry with EOSQ scores from the year before the COVID-19 pandemic and the first year during COVID-19 were included. Two years of before-COVID-19 baseline EOSQ scores were recorded for each patient. We recorded patient medical demographics, scoliosis etiology, and comorbidities.Results: 618 patients met inclusion criteria (255 male, 363 female). All EOSQ subscores increased significantly from pre-COVID to early-COVID (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively), though the mean difference was well below the proposed EOSQ-24 MCID. There was no evidence of change in Combined HRQoL or impact-and satisfactionrelated scores between early-COVID to late-COVID (p > 0.37). When stratified by etiology (40.3% idiopathic, 17.6% syndromic, 17.8% neuromuscular, 23.0% congenital), there was no evidence of decrease in the HRQoL combined score or other subscores in any subgroup between Pre-COVID and during COVID.