Abstract-The effective linear attenuation coefficients and build-up factors for single shield of Al, Fe, Pb, and for multi-layer shield of Al-Pb, Al-Fe, Fe-Pb, Al-Fe-Pb as a function of shield thickness, atomic number, and order of the materials composing the shield are investigated for two photon energies of 0.662 MeV and 1.25 MeV. Two derived practical formulas to calculate the effective attenuation coefficient and build-up factor for multilayer shields are used. It is noticed that changing the order of the materials among the shield has no significant effect on the experimental result. Measurement agrees well with the trend of the suggested formulas for calculating the effective attenuation coefficient and the buildup factor. The linear attenuation coefficient is observed to have a strange dependency with the atomic number and photon energy. For single layer shield, the attenuation coefficient increases with decreasing atomic number at low photon energy and increasing with increasing atomic number at high photon energy.

Mass attenuation coefficient of various soil samples (density ranges between 2.22 and 2.3gcm-3) collected from three sites distributed in Kurdistan Region of Iraq land have been determined for gamma energy 0.662MeV using gamma spectrometry. The average mass attenuation coefficients for the studied samples were found to be 0.0487, 0.0492 and 0.0493cm 2 g-1. The results have shown that Fe content of the samples has a strong effect on the mass attenuation coefficient. In general, mass attenuation coefficients determined in this study can be used for determination of gamma emitters in any soil samples.

No abstract