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Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants persisting almost everywhere in the environment. With the increase in anthropogenic activities, MP accumulation is increasing enormously in aquatic, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Owing to the slow degradation of plastics, MPs show an increased biomagnification probability of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances thereby creating a threat to environmental biota. Thus, remediation of MP-pollutants requires efficient strategies to circumvent the mobilization of contaminants leaching into the water, soil, and ultimately to human beings. Over the years, several microorganisms have been characterized by the potential to degrade different plastic polymers through enzymatic actions. Metagenomics (MGs) is an effective way to discover novel microbial communities and access their functional genetics for the exploration and characterization of plastic-degrading microbial consortia and enzymes. MGs in combination with metatranscriptomics and metabolomics approaches are a powerful tool to identify and select remediation-efficient microbes in situ. Advancement in bioinformatics and sequencing tools allows rapid screening, mining, and prediction of genes that are capable of polymer degradation. This review comprehensively summarizes the growing threat of microplastics around the world and highlights the role of MGs and computational biology in building effective response strategies for MP remediation.

<p>Dua varietas baru tembakau madura yang memiliki daun 3–5 lembar lebih banyak dibanding varietas praktik Prancak-95, Prancak N-1, dan Prancak N-2, telah diperoleh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh aplikasi beberapa dosis N dan K terhadap produksi dan mutu dua varietas baru tembakau madura.  Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Bajang, Kecamatan Pakong, Kabupaten Pamekasan mulai bulan Januari hingga Desember 2013. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah petak terbagi dan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan petak utama adalah 2 varietas tembakau madura: Prancak S1 Agribun dan Prancak T1 Agribun. Sebagai anak petak adalah 9 kombinasi jenis dan dosis pupuk N dan K: 1) 40 kg N + 25 kg K2O, 2) 50 kg N + 25 kg K2O, 3) 60 kg N + 25 kg K2O, 4) 40 kg N + 50 kg K2O, 5) 50 kg N + 50 kg K2O, 6) 60 kg N + 50 kg K2O, 7) 40 kg N + 75 kg K2O, 8) 50 kg N + 75 kg K2O, dan 9) 60 kg N + 75 kg K2O/ha. Pupuk SP-36 sebanyak 36 kg P2O5/ha dan pupuk kandang 5 ton/ha diberikan 3 hari sebelum tanam sebagai pupuk dasar. Pupuk N bersumber dari pupuk ZA dan K dari ZK masing-masing 1/3 dosis diberikan pada 10 hari setelah tanam (HST), sedangkan sisa pupuk ZA dan ZK masing-masing 2/3 dosis diaplikasikan pada 21 HST. Pengamatan meliputi pertumbuhan, hasil dan mutu tembakau, rendemen, indeks mutu dan indeks tanaman, serta analisa kadar nikotin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh faktor dua varietas tembakau madura Prancak S1 Agribun dan Prancak T1 Agribun yang diuji relatif sama terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan mutu. Hasil uji kontras menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis pupuk N tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter pertumbuhan, hasil, dan mutu. Namun peningkatan dosis pupuk K berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan, hasil, dan mutu pada dosis pemupukan N tertentu. Kombinasi pupuk N dan K yang diuji berbeda nyata terhadap parameter panjang dan lebar daun, hasil rajangan kering, rendemen, dan indeks tanaman. Berdasarkan nilai indeks tanaman dan keuntungan tertinggi, bahwa rekomendasi pemupukan untuk varietas tembakau madura Prancak S1 Agribun dan Prancak T1 Agribun adalah 50 kg N + 36 kg P2O5 + 75 kg K2O + 5 ton pupuk kandang/ha.</p><p>Two varieties ofmaduratobacco whichbears3–5 leaves, more than Prancak-95,PrancakN-1, andPrancakN-2 varieties, had been acquired. This study was aimed to obtain an optimal dose of N and K corresponding to those varieties.Researchwas conducted atBajangVillage,PakongDistrict, Pamekasan on January to December 2013. The treatments were arranged in split plots design with varieties wereasthe main plots and N and K dose rates were assubplotwith 3 replicates. The varieties were:PrancakS1 Agribun andPrancakT1 Agribun. The subplots were 9 combinations of type and dose of N and K fertilizers: 1) 40 kg N + 25 kg K2O, 2) 50 kg N + 25 kg K2O, 3) 60 kg N + 25 kg K2O, 4) 40 kg N + 50 kg K2O, 5) 50 kg N + 50 kg K2O, 6) 60 kg N + 50 kg K2O, 7) 40 kg N + 75 kg K2O, 8) 50 kg N + 75 kg K2O, and 9) 60 kg N + 75 kg K2O/ha.Thirty sixkg P2O5/ha and 5 tons manure/ha were addedat3 days before transplanting as a basic fertilizers. N was sourced from ZA and K of ZK,one thirddose of N and K were added at 10 days after planting (DAP) and the rest of N and K dose were applied at 21 DAP. Observations included growth, yield, and quality of tobacco, rendement, grade and crop indexes, and nicotine analysis. In wet conditions of climate anomalies at the beginning of the dry season of 2013, the results showed that there were no difference between Prancak S1 Agribun and Prancak T1 Agribun varieties of madura tobacco in term of growth, yield, and quality. Contrast test results showed that increasing rates of N fertilizer had no effect on growth, yield and quality. However, increasing dose rates of K affected growth, yield and quality at a given rate of N. Combination of N and K affected length and width leaves, yield, and crop index. Based on crop index and benefit, that the fertilizer recommendation for varieties of madura tobacco Prancak S1 Agribun and Prancak T1 Agribun was 50 kg N + 36 kg P2O5 + 75 kg K2O + 5 tons manure/ha. </p>