When a fully penetrating well pumps an ideal unconfined aquifer at steady state, the water table usually does not join the water level in the well. There is a seepage face inside the well, which is a key element in evaluating the well performance. This problem is analyzed using the finite-element method, solving the complete equations for saturated and unsaturated flow. The seepage face position is found to be almost independent of the unsaturated zone properties. The numerical results are used to test the validity of several analytic approximations. Equations are proposed to predict the seepage face position at the pumping well for any well drawdown, and the water table position at any distance from the pumping well for any in-well drawdown. Practical hints are provided for installing monitoring wells and evaluating well efficiency.
Starting from the equations of Theis and Cooper-Jacob, two new mathematical methods are proposed for interpreting the residual drawdown data for an infinite confined aquifer. Under Theis' assumptions and using the Cooper-Jacob approximation, the principal aquifer characteristics of transmissivity, pumping storativity, and recovery storativity are expressed without any correction or additional assumption. An actual case is used for illustration and confirms the validity of proposed equations and methods.
Variable-head (slug) tests in a confined aquifer can be interpreted using different methods that either consider or neglect the influence of the instantaneous deformation of an elastic solid matrix. This paper defines a unified interpretation for slug tests: it is based on the velocity graph describing the conservation equation underlying all methods. If the storativity S has no influence, the velocity graph is a straight line. If S has an influence, the theory considering this influence predicts the graph should be a curve. Numerous slug tests were performed in a large tank containing a confined aquifer. Other tests were used to determine independently the transmissivity T and S values of the confined aquifer which are compared with those obtained from slug tests. The velocity graphs of the slug tests provided straight lines instead of the smooth curves as predicted by the theory. A numerical analysis of these tests in the sand tank was performed using a finite element method. The analysis gave straight lines instead of curves for any S value and therefore confirmed the experimental observation (in velocity graphs) that slug test results do not depend of S and thus cannot be used to determine the S value.Résumé : Les essais à niveau variable dans un aquifère à nappe captive peuvent être interprétés par différentes métho-des qui considèrent ou négligent l'influence d'une déformation élastique instantanée de la matrice solide. Cet article utilise l'interprétation unifiée des essais à niveau variable: elle est basée sur le graphique des vitesses qui décrit l'équation de conservation sous-jacente à toutes les méthodes. Si le coefficient d'emmagasinement S n'a pas d'influence, le graphique des vitesses est une ligne droite. Si S a une influence, la théorie qui considère cette influence prédit que le graphique devrait être une courbe. De nombreux essais à niveau variable ont été réalisés dans une grande cuve contenant un aquifère à nappe captive. D'autres essais ont été utilisés pour déterminer de façon indépendante les valeurs T et S de l'aquifère qui sont comparées à celles tirées des essais à niveau variable. Les graphiques des vitesses des essais à niveau variable ont fourni des lignes droites au lieu des courbes lisses prédites par la théorie. Une analyse numérique de ces essais dans la cuve de sable a été faite par une méthode d'éléments finis. Elle a fourni des lignes droites au lieu de courbes pour toute valeur de S. L'analyse numérique a donc confirmé l'observation expérimentale (sur les graphiques des vitesses) que les résultats d'un essai à niveau variable ne dépendent pas de S et ne peuvent donc pas être utilisés pour déterminer la valeur de S.Mots clés : essai à niveau variable, conductivité hydraulique, emmagasinement, modélisation numérique. Chapuis and Chenaf 21
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.