<p align="center"> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Gangguan kesehatan merupakan salah satu dampak dari pencemaran udara yang pa-ling dirasakan di negara-negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi dampak ekonomi dari pencemaran udara terhadap kesehatan di Indonesia menggunakan data tahun 2011. Indikator pencemaran udara yang digunakan adalah benda partikulat atau particulate matter 10 (PM10). Dampak ekonomi diukur oleh besarnya biaya yang dikeluarkan akibat terjadinya gangguan kesehatan manusia, yang terdiri dari mortalitas dan morbiditas.Teknik estimasi melibatkan dua pendekatan, yaitu epidemiologi untuk menilai hubungan sebab akibat antara tingkat konsentrasi PM10 dengan risiko kesehatan, dan valuasi ekonomi untuk memberikan nilai dalam satuan moneter terhadap risiko kesehatan tersebut. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan besarnya biaya ekonomi yang ditimbulkan oleh konsentrasi PM10 terhadap kesehatan senilai Rp 373,1 triliun atau setara dengan 5,03% Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB).Dari biaya tersebut, 60,9% adalah biaya mortalitas berupa kematian dini dan 39,1% adalah biaya morbiditas dengan komponen terbesar (sekitar 50%) berupa perawatan rumah sakit akibat penyakit pernapasan. Masyarakat harus menanggung biaya pencemaran rata-rata sekitar Rp 1,53 juta atau 6,7% dari pendapatan per kapita.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: mortalitas, morbiditas, <em>dose-response</em>, <em>value of statistical life, cost of illness</em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>This study aims to estimate the economic impact of air pollution on health in Indonesia. Air pollution indicator used is particulate matter matter 10 (PM₁₀) which is considered as a good predictor of health with wider coverage compared to substances other air pollutants. The economic impact is measured by costs incurred due to the occurrence of human health problems, which consists of mortality and morbidity. Estimation technique involves two approaches, namely epidemiology to assess the causal relationship between the level of concentration of PM₁₀ with health risks, and economic valuation to provide monetary value on these health risks. In this study, the epidemiological approach uses dose-response function, while the economic valuation using the value of statistical life (VSL) for mortality and cost of illness (COI) for morbidity. The result indicates the economic costs caused by the concentration of PM₁₀ to the health are Rp 373.1 billion, equivalent to 5.03% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Of these costs, 60.9% is the cost of mortality in the form of premature death and 9.1% is morbidity which the largest component costs (approximately 50%) of hospital admission for respiratory causes. Society must bear the cost of pollution on average about Rp 1.53 million or 6.7% of per capita income</em></p><p><em><strong>Keywords:</strong> mortality, morbidity, dose-response, value of statistical life, cost of illness</em></p>

Village Funds is already exist in 2015, one year after the implementation of Law Number 6/2014. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between the using of village funds and the village community participation to realize welfare in Islamic economic perspectives. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach of community participation in Megaluh Village, Jombang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The implementation of Law Number 6 of the year 2014 as in line with the Village Funds in 2015 was able to encourage community participation in overall development processes ranging from planning, execution, supervision and utilization. The village community participation shows Islamic participation that the people involvement together with the goverment in development according to shari’a to realize welfare (falah) that is in line with maqashid shari’a.Keywords:  Village Funds, Participation, Islamic Economic Development, Islamic Public Economy, Maqashid Shari’a.

The implementation of the Law No. 6 of 2014 and the Village Fund in 2015 was able to encourage community participation in the entire development process starting from planning, implementation, supervision and utilization. This study aimes to analyze community participation in Megaluh Village by using an Islamic perspective. This study applied a case study approach to community participation and a literature review to determine community participation after the implementation of the Village Law from an Islamic economic perspective which are called maqhasid sharia. In general, Megaluh villages have shown active community participation in village development, but they still need to carry out long-term planning to ensure prosperity and this has not been observed during the study.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of local government expenditure on education sector in districts and cities level of East Java, during the periods 2007-2014. Furthermore, this study will evaluate the impacts of local government expenditure, household expenditure for education, and regional product domestic bruto or (PDRB) on the educational outcomes, namely education index.Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is selected as the methodology for analyzing the efficiency of local government expenditure on educational outcome. The model assumes constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS). Measurement of the effectiveness of government spending is done by using panel data regression. Data for supporting the analyses is panel data from 38 districts and cities in East Java for the periods of 2007 -2014. The results show that government expenditure in educational sector is relatively inefficient. Government Expenditure for Education (PPP) has no significant impact on educational index, while Household expenditure for education (PPRT) and GRDP per Capita positive has significant impact on the Education Index (IP). This imply that government expenditure for educational sector is not effective improving educational index.