Background

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated longer length of delays in diagnosis and treatment among men and women, especially among women experiencing longer duration of delay in accessing tuberculosis treatment. So, the study was conducted to explore responsible factors among men and women affecting longer duration in accessing tuberculosis treatment.Methodology: Qualitative approach with FGD sessions among people from community, DOTS providers and pulmonary tuberculosis patients were conducted separately in between Results: The perception of fear, hiding symptoms, social stigmas and traditional beliefs were common among women. The study revealed that social and cultural barrier, ignorance of symptoms, home remedies, fear of stigma, access to health centre from rural areas, poor knowledge of TB signs and symptoms, beliefs on traditional healers were the common reason for the longer delays in diagnosis. Conclusions:The fi ndings suggested that knowledge, information, perception regarding TB among men and women were lacking, especially among females. This warrants awareness for early diagnosis and control of disease.

Free health camp is an important means to cater health services to the needy people in an underdeveloped country like Nepal with difficult geographical terrain. The objective of this study was to assess the morbidities of patients attending the free health camp in Sankhejung, Ilam. A total of 399 patients visited the health camp and 35.1% of them were males. It was observed that diseases with musculoskeletal system and gastrointestinal system were reported among 24.3% and 25.1% of the attendees respectively. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the free health camp services was utilized more by the females and more burden of disease was found among musculoskeletal and digestive system.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodefi ciency Virus (HIV) infections are two major public health problems in many parts of the world, particularly in developing counties like Nepal. The objective of the study is to fi nd out prevalence and clinical presentation of the TB co-infection among HIV infected individuals and pattern of CD4 cell count in relation to types of TB and response of ART.

Spinal Anaesthesia has its own complications from beginning of its use but due to lower incidence of its complications, its popularity has continued to increase world wide. We present a case of 51 year old gentleman who had undergone removal of implant (plate from tibia and Rush nail from femur) at Orthopaedic Depatment of B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal with complain of low back pain with radiation to right lower limb, decreased sensation, difficulty in voiding following a surgery.We report this case for its rarity and unique characteristics and to heighlight the importance of bits timely treatment so that serious neurological complications do not occur.