Same as to many countries, Sri Lanka is also facing a waste crisis due to the issues in municipal solid waste management. As a solution, Waste to Energy (WtE) concept was aroused, which transforms waste to energy in the form of electricity. Although it was a successful strategy for many of the countries, in Sri Lanka, most of the instances, WtE projects were resulted in failures due to issues provoke in the implementation. Poor stakeholder management has been one of the key contributing issues behind these failures. Hence, there is a timely need of identifying key stakeholders and their role to pledge project success. Despite the abundance of research on WtE projects, a gap in literature could be identified, when it comes to exploring stakeholders' involvement in successful implementation of WtE projects in Sri Lanka. Thus, this study is aimed at bridging this knowledge gap. A qualitative research approach with two case studies were used in this study. A total of 12 interviews were conducted and collected data were analysed using content analysis. The empirical findings revealed that government, community, central environmental authority, engineering procurement and construction contractors, municipal council and central electricity board are the most influential stakeholders involved in the implementation of WtE projects. Although their level of contribution is varied to each other, all stakeholders along with their interests and involvement collectively thrive to assure the successful implementation of WtE projects in Sri Lanka. The knowledge generated through this research can be used by respective industry practitioners in Sri Lanka in implementing future WtE projects successfully.

Construction projects consume bulky amounts of materials, natural resources, and energy and at the same time generate unacceptable level of solid wastes. There are strategies implemented in order manage the construction and demolition wastes in Sri Lanka. However, most of those have become unsuccessful due to the policy makers being unable to consider the cultural factors stemming from socio-economic factors, while implementing such strategies. Thus, this paper aims at deriving a culture-based solution for construction and demolition waste management in Sri Lanka. This aim is achieved through a broad literature review. As per the extent literature, the main cultural manifestations describing the cultural context of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste management include values, attitudes and behaviours. Accordingly, Sri Lankans hold many positive values, however majority of attitudes and behaviours are of negative in nature. According to literature, these cultural manifestations exists in a hierarchical order with attitudes being influenced by values and behaviours being influenced by attitudes. Nevertheless, positive values of Sri Lankans are not reflected through the attitudes and behaviours of C&D waste management, requiring thorough empirical studies to justify the dynamisms of value-attitude-behaviour hierarchy in Sri Lankan context. In addition, if these cultural manifestations related to C&D waste to be managed, a reverse cycle to the value-attitude-behaviour hierarchy should be considered, which is introduced as 'cycle of culture management' through this paper.